Bell tower. From the Italian word campana (bell). In Italian basilica architecture, it refers to a bell tower built separately next to a basilica. The bell tower of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, built in the 6th century, has a circular plan and shows the ancient form, while the bell tower of Pisa Cathedral, famous for its leaning tower, shows a more developed form. After the 10th century, many square-plan bell towers were built, mainly in Rome and Lombardy, and the bell tower of Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral in Florence, designed by Giotto, is the epitome of this style. The bell tower of St. Mark's Square in Venice follows the form of an ancient Roman lighthouse, and after many additions and reconstructions, it took on its current form in the early 16th century. Campanile |
鐘楼,鐘塔。イタリア語の campana (鐘) に由来する。特にイタリア聖堂建築において,バシリカ脇に独立して建てられた鐘塔をいう。円形の平面をもつ6世紀に造られたラベンナのサンタポリナーレ・ヌオーボ聖堂の鐘塔はその古形を示すものであり,一層発展した形が斜塔として有名なピサ大聖堂の鐘塔である。 10世紀以後はローマおよびロンバルディア地方を中心に正方形平面の鐘塔が多く造られ,フィレンツェのサンタ・マリア・デル・フィオーレ大聖堂のジョットの設計による鐘塔はその精華である。またベネチアのサン・マルコ広場の鐘塔は古代ローマの灯台の形を踏襲しており,いくたびもの増改築の末に 16世紀初頭に現在の姿になった。
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