Infection immunity

...The reaction between antigens and antibodies in a test tube and in a living body is called the "antigen-antibody reaction," and is an important element of the immune response. The discovery that antibodies are produced not only against living microorganisms but also against their constituent proteins and polysaccharides led to the discovery that antibodies are also produced against various non-self substances, such as red blood cells and blood proteins from different animals, substances derived from eggs and milk that are not originally harmful to living organisms, red blood cells from humans with a different blood type from one's own, and even against parts of artificial chemicals. Thus, immunity moved away from its original pathological concept of "immunity to infection," or "freedom from infectious diseases," and transformed into another basic biological concept, namely, "a mechanism for distinguishing self from non-self."
[Cell-mediated immunity]
Thus, one of the main components of immunity is the synthesis of proteins called antibodies, but another important idea emerged in the late 19th century.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "infectious immunity" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…抗原と抗体の試験管内および生体内での反応を〈抗原抗体反応〉と呼ぶが，これは免疫反応の重要な要素である。また，生きた微生物だけではなく，その構成成分のタンパク質，多糖類などに対して抗体をつくるという事実の発見は，やがて，自己でないもろもろのもの，異種の動物の赤血球や血液タンパク質，卵や牛乳由来の，もともとは生物にとって有害でない物質や，自分と異なった血液型をもったヒトの赤血球，さらには人工的な化学物質の一部に対してもつくられることの発見につながり，かくして免疫は，〈感染免疫〉，すなわち〈伝染病から免れる〉という最初の疾病学的概念から離れて，生物学上のもう一つの基本概念，すなわち〈自己と非自己の識別機構〉に転化するのである。
［細胞性免疫］
　このようにして，免疫の本体の一つは，抗体というタンパク質の合成ということになるが，もう一つの重要な見解が19世紀末葉に現れる。…

※「感染免疫」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報