…Of course, how traditional institutions and rule were preserved, altered, or destroyed under colonial rule varies greatly depending on (1) whether the organizational level of traditional rule was high, such as the Fulani Kingdom in West Africa, the Sultanate of Zanzibar, or the princely states of India, or whether it was a stateless society in which the governing organization was undifferentiated from other social institutions, and (2) what policies and political processes the colonial authorities adopted to deal with cases in which traditional rule became ineffective or conflicts with the colonial power arose. However, in general, it can be said that colonial rulers preserved the authority of traditional rulers and adopted a form of indirect rule, or incorporated the traditional ruling class as part of the colonial system, thereby improving the efficiency of colonial rule. The third condition is that it took a considerable amount of time for the demands and dissatisfaction of the colonized peoples of Asia and Africa to be directly reflected in colonial rule. … *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "indirect control" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…もちろん,伝統的な制度や支配が植民地支配のもとでどのように温存,改変,破壊されたかについては,(1)伝統支配の組織レベルが,西アフリカのフラニ王国,ザンジバルのスルタン,インドの諸藩王国のように高次のものであったか,それとも,統治組織が他の社会制度から未分化であるような〈国家をもたない社会(ステートレス・ソサエティ)〉であったか,(2)伝統支配が無能不全に陥ったり,植民地権力と対立が生じた場合にそれに対処した植民地当局者の政策や政治過程がどのようなものであったか,などによって大きく違っている。しかし,一般的に植民統治者は,伝統支配者の権威を温存して間接支配の形態をとったり,あるいは伝統的な支配層を植民地体制の一翼として組み入れ,植民統治の効率を高めたといえる。 第3の条件として,植民地化されたアジア,アフリカの民衆の要求や不満が直接に植民地支配に収斂(しゆうれん)されるには,かなりの時間が必要であった。… ※「間接支配」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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