Challenger - Charenja-go (English)

Japanese: チャレンジャー号 - ちゃれんじゃーごう(英語表記)Challenger
Challenger - Charenja-go (English)

British oceanographic research vessel.

(1) A wooden corvette, a sailing ship with a steam engine. 65 meters long, 2,306 tons. Built in Woolwich in 1858. From 1872 to 1876, under the command of Captain Nares and Captain Thomson, it undertook the famous great oceanographic expedition that circumnavigated the globe. This observation led to the publication of the enormous 50-volume "Challenger Report," which marked the beginning of modern oceanography. During the expedition, it called at ports such as Yokohama, Yokosuka, and Kobe in 1875 (Meiji 8).

(2) A survey ship that was in service from 1931 until 1953 after the Second World War. It was 66.8 meters long, 10.9 meters wide, had a draft of 3.8 meters, a displacement of 1,140 tons, and had a crew of 84. For two and a half years, starting in May 1950, under the command of Captain Ritchie and Expedition Commander Gaskell, it conducted a large-scale oceanographic survey around the world, focusing on deep-sea observations. One of its accomplishments was the discovery in 1951 of the Challenger Deep (10,863 meters), the deepest in the world at the time. During the survey, it made port calls in Tokyo and other cities in 1951 (Showa 26). Subsequent surveys confirmed that the Challenger Deep was the deepest in the world at 10,920 meters in 1993.

The name "Challenger", which has such glory and tradition, is passed down to the current British research vessel (988 tons), which was launched in 1971.

[Masao Hanzawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの海洋観測艦。

(1)木製のコルベット艦で、蒸気機関を有する帆船。長さ65メートル、2306トン。1858年ウールウィッチで建造。1872年から1876年にかけて、艦長ナーレス、隊長トムソン指揮のもとに有名な世界周航の海洋大探検を行った。この観測がもとになって50巻に上る膨大な『チャレンジャー報告』が出版され、近代海洋学が創始された。大探検の途次、1875年(明治8)には横浜、横須賀(よこすか)、神戸などに寄港している。

(2)1931年から第二次世界大戦後の1953年まで就役した測量艦。長さ66.8メートル、幅10.9メートル、喫水3.8メートル、排水量1140トン、乗員84名。1950年5月から2年半にわたり、艦長リッチー、隊長ガスケルの指揮のもとに深海観測に重点を置いた世界周航海洋大観測を行った。成果の一つとして、1951年に発見した当時世界最深のチャレンジャー海淵(かいえん)(1万0863メートル)がある。観測の途次、1951年(昭和26)に東京などに寄港している。なおチャレンジャー海淵は、その後の調査で1993年世界最深の1万0920メートルと確定された。

 このように栄光と伝統のある「チャレンジャー」の名称は、1971年に進水した現在のイギリスの観測船(988トン)に引き継がれている。

[半澤正男]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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