Complete the castle - Kanjo Tansho

...However, as seen in the proclamation of the abolition of corporal punishment by Emperor Wen of the former Han Dynasty in 167 B.C., corporal punishment tended to be replaced by hard labor or flogging. There were hard labor punishments in the Qin and Han Dynasties, such as "konken jo tansho" ("shaved head," "fetters," "iron shackles," men building castles in the borderlands, women pounding rice, five-year sentence), "kan jo tansho" ("complete" meaning no hard labor, four-year sentence), "kishin hakusan" (men cutting firewood for ceremonies, women selecting rice for ceremonies, three-year sentence), "shikou" (guarding thieves, two-year sentence), and "baisaku" (guarding the borderlands, one-year sentence or less), which later led to imprisonment. After the Western Jin Dynasty, the nature of the Ritsuryo and Ling was separated, with punishments being prescribed in the Ritsuryo, which was the criminal code, and Ling coming to refer to the civil and administrative code.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Kanjo Dankei" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…しかし前漢文帝の前167年の肉刑廃止宣言にみられるごとく，肉刑は労役刑や笞刑に取って代わられる傾向にあった。髡鉗城旦舂（こんけんじようたんしよう）(髡は剃髪，鉗は鉄枷，男子は辺境において築城，女子は米つき，刑期5年)，完城旦舂(完は髡鉗を科さざるの意，刑期4年)，鬼薪白粲（きしんはくさん）(男子は祭祀用の薪を伐採，女子は祭祀用の米をえらぶ，刑期3年)，司寇（しこう）(盗賊警備の役，刑期2年)，罰作(辺境守備，刑期1年以下)などの労役刑が秦･漢代にあり，これらは後世の徒刑につながる。　西晋以後には律と令がその性格上分離し，刑罰は刑法典たる律に規定され，令は民政法典をさすようになった。…

※「完城旦舂」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報