A type of potassium feldspar. It can refer to anything from sanidine, in which aluminum and silicon are completely randomly arranged in a monoclinic system, to orthoclase, in the narrow sense, in which aluminum and silicon are partially ordered but still maintain a monoclinic system. If the order advances further, it becomes a triclinic microcline, so the existence of orthoclase in the strict sense is very limited. Sodium can replace potassium (up to about 50 percent moles of albite), but the potassium-rich and sodium-rich parts can exsolve to form fine stripes, which are called perthite. It occurs as an important component mineral in acidic plutonic and semi-plutonic rocks such as granite. Large lumps and idiomorphic crystals can be seen in granitic pegmatites. Most of what is called adularia can be considered to belong to orthoclase, and it occurs as a gangue mineral in hydrothermal veins. It also occurs as an authigenic mineral in veins cutting gneiss, skarn, and crystalline schist, in metamorphosed bedded manganese deposits, and in limestone or dolomite. It is indistinguishable from microcline and borosilicate in appearance, but can be distinguished to some extent from the latter depending on the mode of occurrence. It is important as a raw material for ceramics and glass. It is particularly mined from pegmatite, aplite, weathered granite (sabaite), and quartz trachyte. Its English name comes from the Greek word meaning "neat crack," as the cleavage is perpendicular to the surface. [Satoshi Matsubara] [References] | | | | | | | | | | [Supplementary information] |Made in former Czechoslovakia ©Shogakukan "> Orthoclase Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カリ長石の一種。アルミニウムとケイ素が完全に無秩序に配列して単斜晶系になっている玻璃(はり)長石(サニディン)から、一部秩序的に配列してなお単斜晶系を保っている狭い意味での正長石(オルソクレース)までをさすことがある。さらに秩序配列が進めば三斜晶系の微斜長石になるので、厳密な意味での正長石の存在はたいへん限られている。カリウムを置換してナトリウムが入りうるが(曹長石成分にして約50パーセントモルまで)、カリウムの多い部分とナトリウムの多い部分が離溶して細かい縞(しま)模様をなすことがあり、これをパーサイトという。花崗(かこう)岩など酸性深成岩、半深成岩の重要な構成鉱物として産する。花崗岩質ペグマタイト中には巨大な塊や自形結晶がみられる。氷長石とよばれるものは、だいたいが正長石に属すると考えてよく、熱水性鉱脈の脈石鉱物として産する。ほかに片麻岩、スカルン、結晶片岩を切る脈、変成層状マンガン鉱床、石灰岩あるいは苦灰岩中に自生鉱物として産する。微斜長石、玻璃長石とは外観上区別はできないが、産状によって後者とはある程度識別が可能である。陶磁器やガラス原料として重要である。とくにペグマタイト、アプライト、花崗岩の風化分解物(サバ石)、石英粗面岩質岩などから採掘される。英名は劈開(へきかい)が直交することから、きちんとした割れ口の意味のギリシア語に由来する。 [松原 聰] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | [補完資料] |旧チェコスロバキア産©Shogakukan"> 正長石 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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