Reformatory - Kankain

A welfare facility for the protection and education of delinquent juveniles, juveniles without guardians, and juveniles whose parents have applied to admit them. With the enactment of the Juvenile Education and Protection Law in 1933 (Showa 8), it was called a juvenile education institution, and after the enactment of the Child Welfare Law in 1947 (Showa 22), it became a training institution. Starting with the Shinto Prayer Hall established in Osaka by Ikegami Yukie in 1884 (Meiji 17), Takase Shinkei's Private Preparatory Reformatory (later Tokyo Reformatory) in the following year, Takase Shinkei's Private Preparatory Reformatory (later Tokyo Reformatory) in 1885, Chiba Reformatory in 1886, and Tomeoka Kosuke's Home School (Tokyo), private reformatories were established all over the country by the time the Reformatory Law was enacted in 1900 (Meiji 33), and played an important role in juvenile protection work. With the amendment of the Reformatory Law in 1908 when the current Penal Code came into force, it became mandatory for all prefectures to establish such institutions, and they became the basis for institutional treatment of delinquent juveniles. Following the revision of the Child Welfare Law in June 1997, reformatories were renamed "child independence support facilities" in April 1998.

[Shuichi Susuki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

非行少年、保護者のない少年、親権者から入院出願のあった少年などを保護し教育するための福祉施設。1933年（昭和8）の少年教護法の制定で少年教護院、47年（昭和22）の児童福祉法制定以後は教護院となった。1884年（明治17）池上雪枝(ゆきえ)が大阪に設けた神道祈祷(きとう)所をはじめとして、翌85年には高瀬真卿の私立予備感化院（後の東京感化院）、86年には千葉感化院、また留岡幸助(とめおかこうすけ)の家庭学校（東京）など、1900年（明治33）感化法制定までに各地に私立の感化院が設立され、少年保護事業に重要な役割を演じた。1908年現行刑法施行に伴う感化法の改正により、全国各府県に設置が義務づけられるようになり、非行少年に対する施設内処遇の基礎となった。なお1997年6月の児童福祉法改正に伴い、98年4月より教護院は児童自立支援施設に改称された。

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