It was the capital of the Golden Horde in the 13th and 14th centuries. Sarai means palace. There are two, the old and the new. The old Sarai was built by Batu, the founder of the Golden Horde, and its ruins are in the village of Seritrennoye near Astrakhan in the lower Volga River basin. However, the more famous one is the new Sarai built by Batu's younger brother Berke, whose ruins are located on the Volga River, near Volgograd on the Akhtoba River, a tributary of the old Sarai, upstream. The new Sarai became the capital during the time of the ninth Uzbek Khan. The city of Sarai was destroyed by Timur's army in 1395, and fell into ruins in the 15th and 16th centuries due to the invasion of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The New Sarai was first excavated between 1843 and 1847. Subsequent excavations have unearthed the remains of a palace, a mosque, a handicraft workshop and waterworks from the time of the Golden Horde, as well as a large number of copper and iron products, ceramic fragments, glassware, agricultural products and leather products, giving a good picture of urban life, material culture, and commerce and industry at the time. [Toru Saguchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
13、14世紀のキプチャク・ハン国の首都。サライは宮殿の意。新旧の二つがある。旧サライはキプチャク・ハン国の創始者バトゥが建てたもので、その遺跡はボルガ川下流域のアストラハン市に近いセリトレンノエ村にある。しかし、有名なのはバトゥの弟ベルケが建てた新サライであって、その遺跡はボルガ川河畔で、旧サライよりも上流の一支流アフトバ川河畔のボルゴグラード市の傍らに位置する。新サライが首都となったのは第9代のウズベク・ハンのときである。サライ市は1395年にティームールの軍隊に破壊され、15、16世紀にモスクワ大公国の侵入によって廃墟(はいきょ)と化した。新サライは1843~47年に初めて発掘され、その後の発掘によって、キプチャク・ハン国時代の宮殿、モスク、手工業工場、水道装置遺跡のほか、銅鉄製品、陶磁片、ガラス器、農産物、皮革製品が大量に出土し、当時の都市生活、物質文化、商工業の姿をよく伝えている。 [佐口 透] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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