A boat with bark or animal hide stretched over a frame. Bark boats are structurally divided into two types: those made in the boreal coniferous forests of Siberia and North America, and those made in the tropical broadleaf forests. The former have a structure similar to that of hide boats made in polar regions, with a robust frame, while the latter have only a simple frame. Hide boats are divided into three types, elliptical or circular coracle-type, umiak-type with a bow and stern, and kayak-type, which have the same streamlined shape as an umiak but have a leather deck covering except for the seat. A coracle is the name of a type of hide boat unique to Ireland and Britain; this type is made from yak hide in Tibet and bison hide in North America, and is distributed worldwide. The umiak and kayak types are distributed mainly among peoples of polar regions, such as the Eskimos. [Hiroko Yokoyama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
枠材に樹皮や獣皮を張った舟。樹皮舟はシベリアや北アメリカの寒帯針葉樹林地帯と熱帯広葉樹林地帯でつくられるものとに構造的に二分される。前者が極地でつくられる獣皮舟と類似した構造をもち、骨組が堅牢(けんろう)であるのに対し、後者は簡単な骨組しかもたない。獣皮舟は形態によって楕円(だえん)または円形のコラクル型、船首と船尾のあるウミアック型、ウミアックと同様の流線型をしながら、座席部を除いて甲板状に皮の覆いのあるカヤック型に分けられる。コラクルはアイルランドやイギリスに独特な皮舟の名で、この型のものは、チベットではヤク皮で、北アメリカではバイソンの皮でつくられ、全世界的に分布した。ウミアック型およびカヤック型の分布はエスキモーなどの極地地域の民族を中心とする。 [横山廣子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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