Kawaguchi Pass

Japanese: 川口関 - かわぐちのせき

…It was considered one of the three major checkpoints under the Ritsuryo system, along with Fuwa and Arachi, but was abolished in 789. On the road from the southern part of Iga Province to Ise, there was Kawaguchi Checkpoint (Kawaguchi, Hakusan-cho, Ichishi-gun), which can be seen on wooden tablets excavated from Heijo Palace. Empress Jito visited Shima Province in 692, and Emperor Shomu stayed at Kawaguchitonmiya in Ichishi-gun in 740 (Tenpyo 12) during the Fujiwara Hirotsugu Rebellion. …

From [Barrier]

…(2) is a checkpoint for ships and rafts. (3) is known to include Tonami Checkpoint in Etchu Province and Kawaguchi Checkpoint in Ise Province, and according to the Izumo no Kuni Fudoki, there were 12 checkpoints on the borders of Izumo. The ranks of these checkpoints correspond to the political divisions of the state under the Ritsuryo system. …

From Hakusan Town

…Since ancient times, it has been a strategic point on the road connecting Yamato and Ise. The Emperor Shomu's temporary palace was located at the river mouth, and the poem by Otomo no Yakamochi, who accompanied him, refers to it as "the fields at the river mouth" (Man'yoshu, Volume 6). The Kawaguchi Barrier was also famous, appearing in the Saibara and the Tale of Genji. This road, which crosses the Nunobiki Mountains at Aoyama Pass, was used in the early modern period as the Hase Highway for pilgrimages to Ise Shrine and Hasedera Temple in Yamato, and Kaito flourished as a post town. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Kawaguchi Barrier" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…不破（ふわ），愛発（あらち）とともに律令制下三関として重視されたが，789年に廃止された。伊賀国南部から伊勢に入る道に川口関(一志郡白山町川口)があり，平城宮出土木簡などに見える。持統天皇は692年に志摩国に行幸し，聖武天皇は740年(天平12)藤原広嗣の乱に際し，壱志郡河口頓宮に滞在した。…

【関所】より

…(2)は船筏の勘過を行う関である。(3)では例えば越中国礪(砺)波関，伊勢国川口関などの名が知られており，《出雲国風土記》によると出雲国境に12の剗(関)の置かれていたことがわかる。これらの関のランクは律令国家の政治的地域区分に対応したものである。…

【白山[町]】より

…古来，大和と伊勢を結ぶ道の要衝にあり，川口には聖武天皇の行宮（あんぐう）が置かれ，随従した大伴家持の歌に〈河口の野辺〉(《万葉集》巻六)と詠われている。また川口関は催馬楽（さいばら）や《源氏物語》にみえ，著名であった。布引山地を青山峠で越えるこの道は，近世には初瀬（はせ）街道として伊勢参宮や大和長谷寺参詣に利用され，垣内（かいと）は宿場として栄えた。…

※「川口関」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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