A science that studies the relationship between climate and human life in various aspects. Climate as an environment exists anywhere on the earth, and directly or indirectly affects human life. Even healthy young people can become unwell due to sudden changes in temperature, and work efficiency can decrease on humid days. Our housing, clothing, etc., have some aspects that should be considered in relation to the climate. Plants, which are also food for humans, are easily affected by climatic conditions, and have long been a topic of applied climatology. Furthermore, as the international differentiation of agricultural production has become clear in recent years, they are also affected by climate changes in other countries. Even though climate change itself is a topic of climatology, the results have meaning in applied climatology. Another current issue is the relationship between human life and the results of conscious and unconscious changes in climate by humans. For example, the former is the greening of deserts by changing river basins, and the latter is the relationship between the increase in carbon dioxide in the air as a result of combustion and the climate, and the change in the climate of cities due to changing the ground surface from green to concrete. There are also new issues such as the impact of global warming on life. As such, applied climatology is a very broad field, containing problems that must be addressed not only by climatologists but also by researchers in many research fields, both individually and collaboratively. [Minoru Yoshimura] [References] | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
気候と人類の生活とのさまざまな面における関係について研究する学問。環境としての気候は地球上どこにでも存在し、直接または間接に人間の生活に対して影響をもたらす。健康な若者であっても、急激な気温変化で体調を狂わせたり、蒸し暑い日には仕事の能率があがらない場合がある。われわれの住居、衣服などは、一面において気候との関係をも考慮すべき点がある。また人類の食料でもある植物は気候条件に左右されやすく、古くから応用気候学のテーマである。さらに昨今のように農業生産の国際的分化が明瞭(めいりょう)になると、他国の気候変動の影響を受けることも出てくる。気候変動自体は気候学の課題であっても、その結果は応用気候学的な意味をもつ。また今日的な問題として、人間による意識的また無意識的な気候の改変の結果と人間生活との関係がある。前者はたとえば流域変更による砂漠の緑地化などがあり、後者は燃焼の結果としての空気中の炭酸ガスの増加と気候との関係、地表面を緑地からコンクリートなどに変化させたことと都市の気候の変化などがあげられる。地球温暖化の生活に及ぼす影響など新しい課題もある。このように応用気候学は非常に幅が広く、気候学の専門家ばかりでなく、多くの研究分野の研究者が、それぞれにまた共同して取り組むべき問題を含んでいる。 [吉村 稔] [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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