In the Soviet Union, leading directors such as Pudovkin and Alexander Dovzhenko (1894-1956) were mobilized to make wartime documentaries, and soon after the Nazi invasion, a series of "battle films" consisting of many episodes was started, and "war films" by Sergei Gerasimov (1906-72), Grigory Kozintsev (1905-73), Sergei Yutkevich (1904-85), and others were shown from November 1941 to the end of 1942. In addition, two edited newsreels, Roman Karmen's "Leningrad in the Battle" (1942) and Leonid Varlamov's "Stalingrad" (1943), and feature-length documentaries such as Dovzhenko's "Victory in Ukraine" (1943-45) were also made. In Japan, in 1938, when the Sino-Japanese War was becoming bogged down, Kamei Fumio's Fighting Soldiers, which he filmed while accompanying front-line troops, was made with the backing of the Army Ministry's Intelligence Department, but the film was banned by the military authorities because it contained too strong an anti-war element that "sang the poem of life." Then, in the 1940s, as the war of aggression intensified, documentary films were used as a means of propaganda and incitement to "raise the morale of the nation to fight a total war and to drive the people to the deaths of 100 million people." *Some of the terminology that mentions "Calmene, R." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… ソビエトでは,プドフキン,アレクサンドル・ドブジェンコ(1894‐1956)をはじめ一流監督が戦時ドキュメンタリー製作のために動員され,ナチの侵入後まもなく多くのエピソードからなる《戦闘映画選集》が始まり,セルゲイ・ゲラーシモフ(1906‐72),グリゴリー・コージンツェフ(1905‐73),セルゲイ・ユトケビチ(1904‐85)などの〈戦線映画特集〉が41年11月から42年の終わりまで公開された。また,ロマン・カルメーンの《戦うレニングラード》(1942),レオニード・ワルラーモフの《スターリングラード》(1943)というニュース映画を編集したもの2本と,ドブジェンコの《ウクライナの勝利》(1943‐45)のような長編ドキュメンタリーもつくられた。 日本では,日中戦争が泥沼化した1938年に,前線部隊と行動をともにしながら撮影取材を行った亀井文夫の《戦ふ兵隊》が,陸軍省情報部の後援で製作されたにもかかわらず,その〈生命の詩をうたう〉反戦的要素が濃厚すぎて軍当局から公開禁止にされ,以後,40年代に入ると,侵略戦争の激化とともに,〈国民総力戦への戦意昂揚,一億玉砕へと民衆を追い込む宣伝扇動の手段として記録映画は利用された。… ※「カルメーン,R.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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