Souma Mikuriya

The mikuriya of Ise Jingu Shrine was located in Soma County, Shimousa Province. Its territory is believed to include the area of ​​Kitasoma County and Toride City in Ibaraki Prefecture, and Abiko City and Kashiwa City in Chiba Prefecture. Taira Yoshibumi developed the Soma area, and in 1130 (5th year of the Taiji era), his descendant, Soma Gunji Taira Tsuneshige, donated Fuse District, Soma County, Shimousa Province to Ise Jingu Shrine, and the mikuriya was established. Later, in 1145 (Kyuan 1), Minamoto no Yoshitomo intervened in the affairs of the county on the pretext of Tsuneshige's failure to donate government property, and donated part of the county to Ise Grand Shrine. However, the following year, Tsuneshige's son, Chiba no Suke Tsunetane, paid his father's unpaid contributions and was appointed as the governor of Sōma County. He donated the land in the county to the shrine again, and retained his position as a subordinate. Eventually, Tsunetane's second son, Morotsune, was given the kitchen, and his descendants took on the name of the Sōma clan and inherited the position of land steward. The main branch of the sect was succeeded by Morotane, Yoshitane, Tanetsuna, Tanemura, Morotane, and Shigetane, and during the Nanboku-cho period, Shigetane moved his base to Namekata District, Mutsu Province (Soma District, Fukushima Prefecture), forming the Oshu Soma clan. In the Kamakura period, the Iwamatsu clan, Shimazu clan, Asuke clan, Adachi clan, and Settsu clan all held various territories within the Mikuriya region, due to marriages between the daughters of Yoshitane and Tanetsuna. With the fall of the Kamakura Shogunate, the territories that had been inherited by the Asuke, Adachi, and Settsu clans were transferred to the Ashikaga clan, and later, through donations, became the territories of Kamakura Betsuganji Temple and Katori Shrine. Meanwhile, in terms of its relationship with the shrine, the Watarai clan of Geku inherited the position of Kunyushinshushiki (chief priest of the outer shrine) and paid the sacred tax in cash, but in the Muromachi period, they dispatched miscellaneous servants to the area and attempted to reorganize control. However, this was often left unfinished, making it difficult to maintain sufficient control.

[Mitsuo Hirata]

"Basic Research on the Medieval Soma Clan" by Seiichi Okada (1978, Ronshobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

下総(しもうさ)国相馬郡にあった伊勢(いせ)神宮の御厨。その領域は茨城県北相馬郡と取手(とりで)市および千葉県我孫子(あびこ)市と柏(かしわ)市をも含む地域に比定される。平良文(よしぶみ)が相馬の地を開発し、1130年（大治5）にその子孫の相馬郡司(ぐんじ)平常重(つねしげ)が下総国相馬郡布施(ふせ)郷を伊勢神宮に寄進し御厨が成立した。その後、常重の官物未進を口実に、1145年（久安1）源義朝(よしとも)が郡務に介入し、郡内の一部を伊勢神宮に寄進するが、翌年、常重の子息千葉介常胤(ちばのすけつねたね)が父の未進を支払い、相馬郡司職に任じられ、改めて郡内の地を神宮へ寄進し、下司職(げししき)を留保する。やがて常胤の二男師常(もろつね)が当御厨を分与され、その子孫は相馬氏を称し地頭職を相伝する。本宗は師常―義胤(よしたね)―胤綱(たねつな)―胤村(たねむら)―師胤(もろたね)―重胤(しげたね)と継承され、南北朝期の重胤のとき陸奥(むつ)国行方(なめかた)郡（福島県相馬郡）へ本拠を移し、奥州相馬氏を形成する。また鎌倉期には、岩松(いわまつ)氏、島津(しまづ)氏、足助(あすけ)氏、安達(あだち)氏、摂津(せっつ)氏らが御厨内の諸郷を領有するが、これは義胤、胤綱の女子の婚姻によるものである。鎌倉幕府の滅亡で、足助氏、安達氏、摂津氏に伝領した所領は足利(あしかが)氏へ移り、のち、寄進によって鎌倉別願寺(べつがんじ)・香取(かとり)神宮領となる。一方、神宮との関係では、外宮(げくう)の度会(わたらい)氏が口入神主職(くにゅうしんしゅしき)を相伝し、神税の代銭納が行われてきたが、室町期に入り、雑掌(ざっしょう)を現地に派遣し、支配の再編を図った。しかし未進されることが多く、十分な支配は困難となった。

［平田満男］

『岡田清一著『中世相馬氏の基礎的研究』（1978・崙書房）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例