Of heat engines operating between two heat sources with given temperatures, all reversible engines have the same thermal efficiency regardless of the working substance, while all irreversible engines have a lower thermal efficiency. This is called Carnot's theorem. S. Carnot proposed this 30 years before thermodynamics was perfected, and R. Clausius later rigorously proved it using the second law of thermodynamics. Applying Carnot's theorem to the Carnot cycle with an ideal gas as the working substance shows that the thermal efficiency of a reversible engine operating between two heat sources with absolute temperatures T1 and T2 ( T1 > T2 ) is 1 - T2 / T1 . Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
与えられた温度をもつ2つの熱源の間で働く熱機関のうち,可逆機関はどんな作業物質のときでもすべて同じ熱効率をもち,不可逆機関の熱効率はすべてこれより小さい。これをカルノーの定理という。 S.カルノーがこれを提唱したのは,熱力学が完成されるより 30年も前のことであり,のちに R.クラウジウスが熱力学第二法則から厳密に証明した。理想気体を作業物質とするカルノーサイクルにカルノーの定理を適用すると,絶対温度が T1 ,T2(T1>T2) の2つの熱源の間で働く可逆機関の熱効率は,1-T2/T1 であることが示される。
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