Aspirin - Aspirin (English spelling)

Japanese: アスピリン - あすぴりん(英語表記)aspirin
Aspirin - Aspirin (English spelling)

A typical non-pyrine antipyretic analgesic also known as a home remedy, also known as acetylsalicylic acid. It is an odorless white crystal, granule or powder with a slightly sour taste, and does not dissolve easily in water. It is deacetylated by absorbing moisture, becoming salicylic acid and acetic acid. It was created in Germany in 1853, first used as a medicine in 1898, and released by Bayer in Germany in 1900. It has been used for a long time since then, and the product name from when it was released is now used around the world, and is also included in the name of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.

It is an analgesic, antipyretic, antirheumatic, and platelet aggregation inhibitor, and is used for colds, headaches, fevers, chills, neuralgia, joint pain, lower back pain, and rheumatism, as well as for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis. Its analgesic effect is thought to be due to suppression of the central nervous system and its action on the peripheral nerves. Its antipyretic effect is said to be due to its action on the thermogenic center in the hypothalamus, which increases the blood flow in peripheral blood vessels and promotes heat dissipation through sweating. Its antirheumatic effect is recognized as a result of its antipyretic and analgesic effects. Another theory is that it acts on the anterior pituitary gland to promote the secretion of adrenal cortical hormones, and it is also said that it has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are powerful pyrogens. The usual dose is 0.5 grams once, 1.5 grams per day, and large doses are used in Europe and the United States. When the blood concentration of salicylic acid exceeds 30 milligrams (30 milligrams per 100 grams of blood), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and tinnitus appear. In addition, a small dose of aspirin is effective in preventing thrombus and embolism after angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and coronary artery bypass surgery (a treatment to create a detour around the narrowed part of the coronary artery) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (a treatment to widen a blocked or narrowed coronary artery by inserting a balloon-equipped catheter from the artery at the base of the thigh or arm to the blocked part without opening the chest). There are two types of tablets containing 100 milligrams and 81 milligrams of aspirin, and each tablet is taken orally once a day. Since there are epidemiological surveys showing a link between salicylic acid drugs and Reye's syndrome, in principle they should not be administered to patients under the age of 15 with chickenpox or influenza, but if they must be administered, they should be administered with caution and the patient's condition should be closely observed. Do not administer to patients with aspirin asthma or a history of asthma. In addition, teratogenic effects have been reported in animal experiments, so they should be administered with caution to pregnant women and women who may be pregnant.

[Fumiji Koho]

"The Invention of Drugs: The Path 2" (1988), edited and published by the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan""What is Pain?" by Ichioka Masamichi and Sato Kimimichi (1989, Maruzen)""The Aspirin Wars: The 100-Year Journey of the King of Medicine" by Charles C. Mann et al., translated by Hirasawa Masao (1994, Diamond Inc.) " ▽ "Paradox: Chemical Substances - Challenging Your Common Sense" by John Emsley, translated by Watanabe Tadashi (1996, Maruzen)""Super Drug Aspirin: The Road to a Super Drug" by Hirasawa Masao (Heibonsha Shinsho)

[References] | Pituitary gland | Diencephalon | Antipyretics | Acetic acid | Salicylic acid | Analgesics | Pyrine-based drugs | Prostaglandins | Peripheral nervous system | Pharmacopoeia | Reye's syndrome

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

家庭薬としても知られる代表的な非ピリン系の解熱鎮痛剤で、アセチルサリチル酸ともいう。わずかに酸味を有する無臭の白色結晶、粒または粉末で、水に溶けにくい。吸湿によって脱アセチルがおこり、サリチル酸と酢酸になる。1853年ドイツで創製され、1898年医薬として初めて用いられ、1900年にドイツのバイエル社より発売された。以来、長く使い続けられている薬物で、発売当時の商品名が現在世界中で通用し、日本薬局方名にもなっている。

 鎮痛・解熱・抗リウマチ・血小板凝集阻害剤で、感冒、頭痛、発熱、悪寒をはじめ、神経痛、関節痛、腰痛、リウマチに用いられるほか、血栓症の治療や予防にも使われるようになった。鎮痛効果は、中枢神経の抑制および末梢(まっしょう)神経に作用するものと考えられている。また解熱効果は、間脳視床下部の温熱中枢に働いて末梢血管の血流量を増加させ、発汗による放熱を促進させるためといわれる。抗リウマチ作用は、解熱や鎮痛作用の結果として効力が認められている。このほか、下垂体前葉に働いて副腎(ふくじん)皮質ホルモンの分泌を亢進(こうしん)させるという説もあり、また、強力な発熱性物質であるプロスタグランジンの合成を阻害することにより抗炎症をはじめ、解熱や鎮痛の作用が現れるともいわれている。常用量は1回0.5グラム、1日1.5グラム、欧米では大量投与がなされている。サリチル酸の血中濃度が30ミリグラム%(血液100グラム中30ミリグラム含まれる)を超えると、悪心、嘔吐(おうと)、めまい、耳鳴りが現れる。また、狭心症、心筋梗塞(しんきんこうそく)、虚血性脳血管障害や冠動脈バイパス術(狭くなった冠動脈部分を避けて迂回路(うかいろ)をつくる治療法)あるいは経皮経管冠動脈形成術(つまったり、狭くなったりした冠動脈を、開胸することなくバルーンのついたカテーテルをふとももの付け根または腕の動脈からつまった部分まで挿入して血管を広げる治療法)施行後における血栓・塞栓(そくせん)形成の予防にアスピリンの少量投与が有効で、アスピリン100ミリグラムと81ミリグラム含有の2種の錠剤があり、いずれも1錠を1日1回経口投与する。サリチル酸系薬剤とライ症候群との関連性を示す疫学的調査報告があるので、15歳未満の水痘、インフルエンザの患者には投与しないことが原則であるが、やむをえず投与する場合は慎重に投与し、患者の状態を十分観察すること。アスピリン喘息(ぜんそく)またはその既往症のある患者には投与しない。なお、動物実験で催奇形作用が報告されており、妊婦や妊娠している可能性のある女性に対する投与は慎重に行う。

[幸保文治]

『日本薬学会編・刊『薬の発明 そのたどった途2』(1988)』『市岡正道・佐藤公道著『痛みとはなんだろう』(1989・丸善)』『チャールズ・C・マン他著、平沢正夫訳『アスピリン企業戦争――薬の王様100年の軌跡』(1994・ダイヤモンド社)』『ジョン・エムズリー著、渡辺正訳『逆説・化学物質――あなたの常識に挑戦する』(1996・丸善)』『平沢正夫著『超薬アスピリン――スーパードラッグへの道』(平凡社新書)』

[参照項目] | 下垂体 | 間脳 | 解熱薬 | 酢酸 | サリチル酸 | 鎮痛薬 | ピリン系薬剤 | プロスタグランジン | 末梢神経系 | 薬局方 | ライ症候群

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Aspirator (English spelling)

>>:  Aspita

Recommend

Light aircraft - keihikōki (English spelling)

There is no strict definition, but it refers to a...

Picture book of longing for the future - Bokie Kotoba

This picture scroll from the Northern and Souther...

Eucharistic procession - Seitai Gyoretsu

The term is a translation of German Fronleichnamsp...

iḥrām (English spelling) ihram

… After the Battle of Badr in 624, Muhammad made ...

Right to equality

The right to be free from discrimination in nation...

Sanjisai - Sanjisai

The three festivals held at Ise Jingu Shrine since...

Mangenshiban

A Rinzai sect scholar monk in the Edo period. Als...

'idda (English spelling) idda

...If during this time both parties wish to recon...

shearwater

...In Japan, the white-breasted petrel P. hypoleu...

Echinophthiriidae

… [kinds] Lice are broadly divided into six famil...

Convergence - shuusoku (English spelling) convergence

A mathematical term that means to approach a cert...

Fish-eye grass

...There are many bisexual flowers in the center,...

Tin oxide (Sankasuzu) - tin oxide

Tin(II) oxide and tin(IV) oxide are well known. [T...

ville

…In the United States, town means a small urban s...

Pythoninregius (English) Pythoninregius

… [Takahiro Matsui]. … *Some of the terminology e...