What kind of infection is it? Group A Scarlet fever is a condition in which the throat becomes red and swollen with a sudden fever, followed by a rash. In the past, it was a disease that could be fatal, but now it is a disease that can be cured completely if antibiotics are used properly and complications are prevented. However, there is a possibility of repeated infection. How symptoms manifestIt starts with a sudden fever of 39°C or higher, followed by a sore, red, swollen throat. Other symptoms include nausea, headache, abdominal pain, muscle pain, joint pain, otitis media, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. In the case of scarlet fever, after half a day to two days, a red, fine, rough rash appears on the neck, chest, and other parts of the body accompanied by itching. The rash disappears in about a week, and the skin on the fingertips may peel off in about two weeks, but it will improve in about three weeks and no traces will remain. Major complications include acute glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. Swelling of the face, red urine, Testing and diagnosisIn many cases, diagnosis can be made based on clinical symptoms. Recently, rapid throat antigen testing has become the mainstream for outpatient diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis requires culture testing of a sample taken from the throat and antibody testing of blood. After symptoms improve, your urine will be checked 2 to 3 weeks later to see if there is blood in it. Treatment methodsPenicillin-based antibiotics are generally used. After a few days, the medicine will take effect, the fever will go down, and the rash will gradually become less noticeable. If the antibiotics are taken correctly, the infection will no longer be contagious to others within about a day, so if the child's overall condition stabilizes, it is possible to continue taking the antibiotics and go to school. However, in order to prevent complications, it is very important to continue taking the antibiotics for about 10 days. For itchy skin, you can take antihistamines orally or with ointments. While taking the medicine, you should rest, gargle thoroughly, and try to eat foods that are as non-irritating as possible. What to do if you notice an illnessCharacteristic symptoms such as high fever and rash often appear in children aged 4 or older, but in infants, the disease may simply cause a cold. If your child has a high fever or rash, or if the swelling in the throat does not go away for more than two days, you should visit a pediatrician as soon as possible. Tomohiro Katsuta, Tatsuo Kato Scarlet fever |
どんな感染症か A群 急激な発熱とともにのどが真っ赤にはれ、そののち発疹を認めたものを猩紅熱と呼んでいます。昔は死亡することもある病気でしたが、現在は抗菌薬を正しく使用し合併症を予防すれば完治が可能な病気となっています。ただし、繰り返し感染する可能性はあります。 症状の現れ方39℃以上の急な発熱で始まり、のどが痛みを伴って真っ赤にはれます。そのほかの症状としては、吐き気、頭痛、腹痛、筋肉痛、関節痛、中耳炎、首のリンパ節のはれなどがあります。 猩紅熱の場合は、そののち半日~2日後に赤くて細かいざらざらした発疹が、かゆみを伴って首・胸・ 発疹が1週間前後で消えたあと、2週間ほどで指先の皮がむけることがありますが、3週間ほどで軽快し、あとは残りません。なお、主な合併症に急性糸球体腎炎(しきゅうたいじんえん)、リウマチ熱などがあります。顔のむくみ、赤い尿、 検査と診断多くの場合は、臨床症状で診断が可能です。最近は、のどの抗原の迅速検査が外来診断の主流となっています。確実な診断には、のどからとった検体の培養検査、血液による抗体の検査が必要になります。 症状が改善した後も、2~3週間後に尿のなかに血液が混じっていないかを検査します。 治療の方法ペニシリン系の抗菌薬を使用するのが一般的です。数日で薬の効果が出て熱が下がり、発疹も徐々に目立たなくなります。抗菌薬を正しく内服すれば、通常約1日でまわりの人へ伝染することはなくなるため、全身状態が安定すれば、内服を続けながら通園通学することは可能です。ただし合併症を予防するためにも、10日程度は確実に抗菌薬をのみ続けることがとても大切です。 皮膚のかゆみに対しては、抗ヒスタミン薬の内服や軟膏を使用します。薬をのんでいる間は安静を保ち、うがいをしっかりとし、なるべく刺激の少ない食事をとるように心がけます。 病気に気づいたらどうする高熱や発疹などの特徴的な症状が現れるのは4歳以上の場合が多く、乳児の場合は単なるのどかぜ症状のみであることがあります。 高熱や発疹のある場合はもちろん、2日以上のどのはれがおさまらない時は早めに小児科を受診しましょう。 勝田 友博, 加藤 達夫 猩紅熱
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