A fatty oil extracted from the flesh of olives, which belong to the Oleaceae family. The oil content of the fruit is 25-60%. Olives are mainly produced in the Mediterranean coastal regions of Spain, France, Italy, Greece, and Turkey, and in Japan, only small amounts are produced on Shodoshima (Kagawa Prefecture). When the green fruit ripens, it turns purple and then black. The oil exists in the juice as granules. Olive kernel oil extracted from the kernel is similar to olive oil in both composition and properties. It is extracted by pressing, but may also be subjected to solvent extraction. The best quality olive oil is called virgin oil, and is extracted by the cold pressing method. It has an iodine value of 80-85. The main fatty acid component is oleic acid, which accounts for more than 80%, and is therefore used as a raw material for the production of oleic acid. It is a non-drying oil. It is used as an edible oil for salad oil and tempura oil. It is also used as an oil for medicines and canned foods. Non-edible oils are mainly used for soap and cosmetics, and the residue from the alkali refining process is used to make soap for the textile industry. [Kazuo Fukuzumi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
モクセイ科のオリーブの果実の果肉から採油される脂肪油。果実の含油量は25~60%。オリーブの主産地は、スペイン、フランス、イタリア、ギリシア、トルコなど地中海沿岸地方であり、日本では小豆島(しょうどしま)(香川県)などで少量産出するのみである。緑色の果実が熟すと、紫色さらに黒色になる。果汁の中に油は粒状となって存在している。核から採油されるオリーブ核油は、成分、性状ともにオリーブ油に似たものである。圧搾法により採油するが、さらに溶剤抽出法にかけることもある。最上等の品質のものを処女油といい、冷圧法で採油する。ヨウ素価は80~85。主要成分脂肪酸はオレイン酸で80%以上に達し、そのためオレイン酸の製造原料となる。不乾性油である。食用油としてサラダ油、てんぷら油に使用される。医薬品、缶詰用油にも用いる。食用に供しない油は主としてせっけんや化粧品に消費される。アルカリ精製の際に生ずる油滓(ゆさい)は、繊維工業用せっけん製造に用いられる。 [福住一雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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