◎Official name: Republic of Moldova (Republic of Moldova). ◎Area: 33,848 km2 . ◎Population: 4.08 million (2012). ◎Capital: Chisinau (670,000 in 2012). ◎Residents: 75.8% Moldovan, 8.4% Ukrainian, 5.9% Russian, 4.4% Gagauz, etc. ◎Religion: Russian Orthodox Church. ◎Languages: Moldovan (official language), Ukrainian, Russian. ◎Currency: Moldovan Leu (plural Lei). ◎Head of State: President, Nicolae Timofti (born 1948, inaugurated in March 2012, four-year term). ◎Prime Minister: Pavel Filip (inaugurated in January 2016). ◎Constitution: effective from August 1994. ◎ Parliament - Unicameral (101 seats, 4-year term). The most recent election was held in November 2014. ◎ GDP - $6 billion (2008). ◎ GNI per capita - $1,100 (2006). ◎ Proportion of people employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing - 26% (1997). ◎ Life expectancy - 65.0 years for men, 72.6 years for women (2007). ◎ Infant mortality rate - 16‰ (2010). ◎ Literacy rate - 98% (2008). * * A republic in southeastern Europe, surrounded by Ukraine and Romania. 76% of the population are Moldovan, and the Moldovan language is very close to Romanian. Most of the country is hilly plains made of black soil, and grapes, corn, wheat, sugar beets, sunflowers, potatoes, vegetables, etc. are produced, and cattle, pigs, and sheep are raised. There are also industries such as food, textiles, and construction materials, centered around Chisinau (Chisinau). In 1359, the Principality of Moldova was established in the area from the northeastern part of Romania to the Republic of Moldova (see Moldova (region)). From the end of the 15th century, it came under the control of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), and as a result of the Russo-Turkish War, in 1812, the area east of the Prut River (Bessarabia) became Russian territory. After World War I, it was incorporated into Romania, but in 1940, the Soviet Union occupied it and established the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. During World War II, it was occupied by German and Romanian forces from 1941 to 1944. In August 1991, it declared independence, and since then, it has been governed by an anti-Russian and national autonomy policy. In the general election in February 2001, the Communist Party of Moldova won a landslide victory, and in April, the party's chairman, Voronin, was elected president (he was re-elected in April 2005). In July, it joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). While there are forces among Moldovans calling for unification with Romania, the region on the east bank of the Dniester River, which is home to a large Russian population, unilaterally declared independence as the Pridnist Republic and is taking a hard-line stance against secession from Moldova. → Related article Cossacks | Bucharest Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
◎正式名称−モルドバ共和国Republica Moldova/Republic of Moldova。◎面積−3万3848km2。◎人口−408万人(2012)。◎首都−キシナウChisinau(キシニョフKishinyov。67万人,2012)。◎住民−モルドバ人75.8%,ウクライナ人8.4%,ロシア人5.9%,ガガウズ人4.4%など。◎宗教−ロシア正教。◎言語−モルドバ語(公用語),ウクライナ語,ロシア語。◎通貨−モルドバ・レウMoldova Leu(複数レイLei)。◎元首−大統領,ニコラエ・ティモフティNicolae Timofti(1948年生れ,2012年3月就任,任期4年)。◎首相−パベル・フィリプ(2016年1月発足)。◎憲法−1994年8月発効。◎国会−一院制(定員101,任期4年)。最近の選挙は2014年11月。◎GDP−60億ドル(2008)。◎1人当りGNI−1100ドル(2006)。◎農林・漁業就業者比率−26%(1997)。◎平均寿命−男65.0歳,女72.6歳(2007)。◎乳児死亡率−16‰(2010)。◎識字率−98%(2008)。 * *ヨーロッパ南東部,ウクライナとルーマニアに囲まれる共和国。住民の76%はモルドバ人で,モルドバ語はルーマニア語に非常に近い。国土の大部分は黒土の丘陵性平原で,ブドウ,トウモロコシ,小麦,テンサイ,ヒマワリ,ジャガイモ,野菜などを産し,牛,豚,羊の牧畜が行われる。キシナウ(キシニョフ)を中心に食品,織物,建設資材などの工業もある。 1359年,現在のルーマニア北東部からモルドバ共和国にかけての地域にモルドバ公国が成立した(モルドバ(地方)参照)。15世紀末からオスマン帝国(トルコ)の支配下に入り,露土戦争の結果,1812年プルート川以東の地(ベッサラビア)がロシア領となった。第1次大戦後ルーマニアに編入されたが,1940年ソ連が占領し,モルダビア・ソビエト社会主義共和国を樹立した。第2次大戦中は1941年―1944年ドイツ・ルーマニア軍に占領された。1991年8月に独立を宣言,以来,反ロシア・民族自主路線の政権が続いた。2001年2月総選挙でモルドバ共産党が大勝,4月にボローニン同党議長が大統領に選出された(2005年4月再選)。7月には世界貿易機関(WTO)に加盟。モルドバ人のなかにはルーマニアとの統合を主張する勢力がある一方,ロシア人の多いドニエストル川東岸地域はプリドニエストル共和国として一方的に独立を宣言,モルドバからの分離独立に強硬な姿勢をとっている。 →関連項目コサック|ブカレスト 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
>>: Moltke, Helmuth Karl Bernhard, Graf von
A prefecture-level city in the southern part of L...
…[Maki Sachiko]. . . *Some of the terminology tha...
A deciduous shrub of the Euphorbiaceae family, use...
One of the trace minerals that make up iron meteor...
The visual field refers to the area covered by vis...
...The larvae are yellowish brown and semi-cylind...
A perennial plant of the lily family (APG classif...
A general term for insects in the order Hemiptera...
A star cluster is a group of stars that form a si...
Novelist. His real name was Hasegawa Tatsunosuke....
This was a conflict that occurred between the ret...
An economic system in which the organization of p...
...Later, his son (or brother) Ur-Nammu gained in...
...It was in the latter half of the 19th century ...
…High explosives such as PETN, RDX, and HMX are u...