Hunting can be divided into individual hunting of birds, rabbits, and other small animals, and communal hunting of wild boars, deer, stags, bears, and other animals. Individual hunting included luring small birds with a bird-stick attached to a tree branch, catching birds with a net (such as sakadori, which uses a net with a handle to catch waterfowl in a swamp or pond, or musouami), otoshi, and osu (using stacks of wood and stones to catch animals). Communal hunting was typically done using a large number of seko (beaters) to chase and capture the prey, as was the case with the matagi hunting of the Tohoku region. Hunting seems to have been linked to fertility rituals in ancient times, and the Misayama Shinto ritual at Suwa Taisha Shrine in Nagano Prefecture still bears traces of this. In the early modern period, there were hunts to obtain bear hides and galls during the farming off-season, communal hunting to protect farmland from wild boar damage, and falconry as a samurai sport. (→ Hunting ) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
鳥やうさぎその他の小動物を対象とする個人猟と,いのしし,しか,かもしか,くまなどを対象とする共同猟とに分けられる。個人猟としては,木の枝に鳥もちをつけて小鳥をいざなう方法や,網で鳥をとる方法 (柄のついた網で沼池の水鳥を捕える逆〈さか〉どり,無双網など) ,落し,オス (材木を重ね石を置いて獣をとる) などの方法が行われた。共同猟では大勢の勢子 (せこ) を使って獲物を追出してとる巻狩が代表的で,東北地方のまたぎの狩りもそれであった。狩りは古く豊饒の儀礼と結びついていたらしく,長野県諏訪大社の御射山神事 (みさやましんじ) はその跡をとどめている。近世には,農閑期にくまの皮や胆をとるための狩りや,耕地を猪害から守るための共同猟,武士のスポーツとしての鷹狩などがあった。 (→ハンティング )
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