Gum tempera

...This underpainting was called guazzo in old Italian, which later became the origin of the word gouache. The origin of gouache is unclear, but its predecessor is gum tempera, which was used in medieval illuminated manuscripts. This paint is made by mixing pigments with gum arabic, but as papermaking became more widespread in the West around the 15th century, various techniques for using it as watercolor paint developed. ...

*Some of the terminology that refers to "gum tempera" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…この下彩色を古いイタリア語でguazzoと呼び，のちにグアッシュの語源となった。グアッシュの起源ははっきりしないが，中世の装飾写本に用いたガムテンペラが前身である。この絵具はアラビアゴムで顔料を練ったものであるが，15世紀ころから西洋に製紙法が普及するにつれて水彩絵具としての諸技法が発達した。…

※「ガムテンペラ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報