A ship that transports both cars and passengers. There are some that only transport cars, but they are few in number. This type of ship has been developed in Europe for a long time, but in Japan, the number of ships has increased rapidly since around 1970 (Showa 45) with the spread of cars and the development of road networks, and ships ranging from small ones with a few hundred tons to large ones with a gross tonnage of over 10,000 tons are being built. There are ramp ways at the bow and stern to transfer cars to the shore, and cars are driven in and out by drivers. The upper deck or one or two layers above that are decks for loading cars, and the one or two layers above that are decks for passengers. Some long-distance car ferries have luxurious passenger rooms on a pure passenger ship level. Car ferries that also transport passengers are considered passenger ships under the law, so the strictest safety standards are applied to their structure and facilities. Furthermore, because they carry cars with gasoline still inside, special equipment is required to prevent them from tipping over and for firefighting. In addition, because they enter and leave ports frequently, many of them are equipped with controllable pitch propellers and bow thrusters that spray water to the left and right to make the ship easier to turn, improving maneuverability. Some small ships have propellers at the bow and stern, so they do not need to turn when departing and arriving at the pier. Car ferries transport passenger cars, trucks with cargo, drivers and passengers at the same time, as well as passengers unrelated to cars. In many cases, the drivers who bring in the cars do not board the ship, and the cars are picked up at the port of entry. As car ferries were a first for Japan, they created competition with road and rail transport, and brought about new changes in the structure of transport for people and goods. [Morita Tomoharu] ©Hayao Nogami "> Car ferry structure example Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
自動車と旅客を同時に輸送する船。自動車だけを運ぶものもあるが、その数は少ない。ヨーロッパでは古くから発達した船種であるが、日本では自動車の普及、道路網の整備に伴って1970年(昭和45)ごろから急激に増加し、総トン数で数百トンの小型のものから1万トンを超える大型のものまで建造されている。船首と船尾には自動車を陸岸へ渡すためのランプウェーramp wayの設備があり、自動車は運転者の運転で搬入、搬出される。上甲板(こうはん)またはその上の1層ないし2層が車両積載用の甲板であり、その上の1、2層が旅客用の甲板となっている。長距離カーフェリーのなかには、純客船クラスの豪華な客室設備をもつものもある。旅客も運ぶカーフェリーは法規上、旅客船となるので、構造、設備などにもっとも厳しい安全基準が適用される。さらに、ガソリンを積んだままの車を積載しているため、その転倒防止や消防のために特別の設備が要求される。また出入港の回数が多いので、可変ピッチプロペラや、左右に水流を噴出して船の旋回を容易にするバウスラスタbow thrusterを設けて、操縦性の向上を図るものが多い。小型の船では、プロペラを船首と船尾にもち、離着岸の際、反転しなくてもすむものもある。 カーフェリーは、乗用車や、貨物を積んだままのトラックと運転者や同乗者を同時に運ぶほか、車とは関係ない旅客をも運ぶ。また、車を搬入した運転者は乗船せず、入港地で車だけが引き取られるという輸送形態も多い。日本では、カーフェリーという輸送手段は初めてのものであったため、道路交通や鉄道輸送との競争が生まれ、人や物の輸送構造に新しい変化をもたらした。 [森田知治] ©野上隼夫"> カーフェリーの構造例 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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