...They were bound to their creditors/masters by "debt instruments with labor obligations" called "Surjiraya Kabala" until repayment, but now they were deprived of the right to freedom by repayment of the debt. This new type of "Kablinii Khorope" (debt slave) differed from the older type of "full Khorope" in that they obtained their freedom upon the death of their master. The de facto serfization of the Khorope had existed before, but it was especially accelerated in the second half of the 17th century. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kabarnyi Khorope" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…彼らは,〈スルジーラヤ・カバラ〉と呼ばれていた〈労働義務を伴う負債証文〉によって返済までその身柄を債権者=主人に拘束されていたのであるが,いまや負債返却によって自由になる権利を剝奪されたのである。この新しい型の〈カバーリヌイ・ホロープ〉(債務奴隷)は,古い型の〈完全ホロープ〉と異なって,主人の死によって自由を獲得した。ホロープの事実上の農奴化は,以前からもあったが,特に17世紀後半に促進されていった。… ※「カバーリヌイ・ホロープ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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