The word originates from the Greek word katholikos, meaning universal, world, or whole. Ignatius of Antioch first used this word in his Epistle to the Smyrnena to describe the church of Christ, and since then, the term "Catholic Church" has been used to mean the universal church that encompasses all ages, and the true church as opposed to heresy. This original meaning, catholicitas, the public nature of the church, is listed as one of the fundamental characteristics of Christianity in the Nicene Creed, and Augustine also emphasized this. Public nature is characterized by identity and universality, but the Roman Catholic Church claims that it was historically realized in the unified organization with the Pope as its visible head, and "Catholic" has historically been the common name for the Roman Catholic Church. The Greek Orthodox Church and some Protestant churches also pride themselves on being true Catholic churches. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
語源はギリシア語の katholikosで,普遍的,世界的,全体的の意。アンチオキアのイグナチオスが初めてこの語を『スミュルナ人への手紙』でキリストによる教会の特徴的形容に用い,以来「カトリック教会」は万人万代を包括する普遍的教会,また異端離教に対する真の教会の意に用いられた。この原義は教会の公性 catholicitasとしてニカイア信条でキリスト教の根本性格の一つにあげられ,アウグスチヌスもこれを強調した。公性は同一性と普遍性をその特徴とするが,歴史上その具現は教皇を可見的首長とする統一組織,ローマ・カトリック教会においてなされたとするのがローマ・カトリック教会の主張であり,歴史的にもローマ・カトリック教会に対して「カトリック」が一般的な呼び名となっている。ギリシア正教会,一部のプロテスタント教会も真のカトリック教会を自負している。
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