Kawahigashi Hekigoto

Haiku poet. Born in Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, on February 26, 1873. His real name was Heigoro. He attended Iyo Elementary School, the former Third High School (Kyoto), and the former Second High School (Sendai) together with his fellow townsman Takahama Kyoshi, and in 1894 (Meiji 27), they both dropped out of Second High School and moved to Tokyo. He assisted Masaoka Shiki in his haiku reform movement, and in 1895, while Shiki was serving in the Sino-Japanese War, he became head of the "Japanese haiku" column in the newspaper Nippon, and also published selected haiku and haiku essays in Hototogisu. After Shiki passed away in 1902 (Meiji 35), he took over as the selector of "Japanese haiku." His style of haiku was described by Shiki as clear and impressive, and was at odds with Kyoshi's subjective style of blending. Between 1906 and 1911, he traveled 3,000 ri around the country twice, and promoted the "New Tendency" style of haiku, which was influenced by the trend towards naturalism and dominated the haiku world. At the time, Kyoshi was absorbed in writing novels, but he returned to the haiku world at the beginning of the Taisho era and criticized the "New Tendency" for breaking with the traditions of haiku. "New Tendency" was the term used by Osuga Otsuji to describe the style of the Hekigoto school of haiku, but Hekigoto's radicalism led to criticism from Otsuji, and Hekigoto joined Soun, a magazine founded by Ogiwara Seisensui. However, when Seisen-sui criticized the new trend in the early Taisho period and advocated free-style haiku that did not require fixed forms and seasonal themes, Hekigoto, who disagreed with the idea of ​​seasonal themes, founded "Kaikou" with Nakatsuka Ippekiro and moved on to free-style haiku, but parted ways with Ippekiro and founded his own magazine "Heki" in 1923 (Taisho 12), and "Sanmai" (a new title for "Heki") with Kazama Naoe in 1925, calling his own works short poems. When Naotoku introduced a new style of poem using ruby ​​notation, Hekigoto also tried it, but he gradually reached a dead end and retired from the haiku world in 1933 (Showa 8).

He edited and published "Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter" (co-edited with Shiki and Kyoshi, 1901-03), "Continued Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter" (1906-07), "Japanese Haiku Book Vol. 1" (1909), and "Continued Vol. 2" (1913). His personal haiku collections include "New Trend Haiku Collection" (1915), "Heokoutou Haiku Collection" (edited by Otsuji, 1916), and "Eight Years" (1923). His travelogues include "3000 Ri" (1910), "Continued 3000 Ri" Vol. 1 (1914), and others include "Research on New Trend Haiku" (1915) and "Recollections of Shiki" (1944). He passed away on February 1, 1937.

[Motomi Izawa]

Spring is cold, and rootless clouds hang over the rice paddies. The temple is destroyed. The sound of charcoal being split is heard. As I travel through spring, there is no white paper left.

"Kitani Rokka and Takii Kosaku eds., Hekigoto Kushu (Kadokawa Bunko)" ▽ "Abe Kimio, "Revised Haiku Series: People and Works 6, Kawahigashi Hekigoto" (1980, Ohfusha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

俳人。明治6年2月26日、愛媛県松山に生まれる。本名秉五郎(へいごろう)。同郷の高浜虚子(きょし)と伊予尋常中学、旧制第三高等学校（京都）、旧制第二高等学校（仙台）をともにし、1894年（明治27）ともに二高を中退して上京。正岡子規(しき)の俳句革新運動を助け、翌1895年、子規の日清(にっしん)戦争従軍中は新聞『日本』の「日本俳句」欄の主任となり、また『ホトトギス』に選句や句文を発表した。1902年（明治35）子規が逝去し、「日本俳句」の選を継いだ。その句風は子規により印象明瞭(めいりょう)と評され、虚子の主観的な配合趣味の句風と対立した。1906年から1911年にかけて2回にわたり三千里全国遍歴を行い、「新傾向」の句風を鼓吹したが、その背景には自然主義思潮があり、新傾向派が俳壇を占めた。虚子は当時小説に没頭していたが大正初頭俳壇に復帰し、「新傾向」は俳句の伝統を破るものと非難した。「新傾向」とは大須賀乙字(おおすがおつじ)が碧梧桐派の句風を推称した語であったが、碧梧桐の急進は乙字の論難を受けるに至り、碧梧桐は荻原井泉水(おぎわらせいせんすい)創刊の『層雲』に参加した。しかし、大正初頭に井泉水が新傾向を批判して定型と季題を無用とする自由律俳句を主張すると、季題について異論のある碧梧桐は中塚一碧楼(いっぺきろう)と『海紅(かいこう)』を創刊、自由律俳句に進んだが、一碧楼とも別れ、1923年（大正12）個人誌『碧(へき)』を、1925年には『三昧(さんまい)』（『碧』改題）を風間直得(かざまなおえ)と創刊、自作を短詩と称した。直得がルビ句という新体を始めると碧梧桐もそれを試みたが、しだいに行き詰まり、1933年（昭和8）俳壇を引退した。

　編著に『春夏秋冬』（子規・虚子との共選。1901～03）、『続春夏秋冬』（1906～07）、『日本俳句鈔(しょう)第一集』（1909）、『同第二集』（1913）。個人句集に『新傾向句集』（1915）、『碧梧桐句集』（乙字編。1916）、『八年間』（1923）など。紀行に『三千里』（1910）、『続三千里』上巻（1914）、そのほか『新傾向句の研究』（1915）、『子規の回想』（1944）。昭和12年2月1日没。

［伊澤元美］

　春寒し水田の上の根なし雲
　寺大破炭割る音の聞えけり
　春かけて旅すれば白ら紙の残りなくもう

『喜谷六花・滝井孝作編『碧梧桐句集』（角川文庫）』▽『阿部喜三男著『新訂俳句シリーズ　人と作品6　河東碧梧桐』（1980・桜楓社）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例