Anglo-French Commercial Treaty; Traité de commerce franco-anglais

Japanese: 英仏通商条約 - えいふつつうしょうじょうやく(英語表記)Anglo-French Commercial Treaty; Traité de commerce franco-anglais
Anglo-French Commercial Treaty; Traité de commerce franco-anglais
There are two main commercial treaties concluded between Britain and France based on the principle of free trade, one in 1786 and one in 1860. (1) The 1786 commercial treaty is also called the Eden Treaty. Driven by the economic liberalism advocated by the French Physiocrats and the demands of British industrial capital for overseas markets, the decision was made to liberalize trade by lowering tariffs. This led to an influx of cheap British products into France, which led to an industrial crisis and hastened the collapse of the Ancien Régime. (2) The 1860 commercial treaty is also called the Chevalier-Cobden Treaty. Napoleon III exercised his prerogative to conclude treaties and concluded it unilaterally, without consulting Parliament. The drastic reduction in tariffs and the repeal of the import ban led to the decline of small and medium-sized enterprises and home industries other than those producing luxury goods and crafts, and the modernization of factories by large corporations progressed. This treaty symbolizes the free trade system in Europe, centered on Britain.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
イギリスとフランスとの間に結ばれた自由貿易主義を原則とする通商条約で,おもなものに 1786,1860年の2つがある。 (1) 1786年の通商条約はイーデン条約とも呼ばれる。フランスの重農主義者の経済的自由主義の主張とイギリスの産業資本の海外市場要求の声に動かされ,関税引下げによる貿易自由化を決定した。このため,フランスには安価なイギリス製品が流入し,工業危機を招いてアンシアン・レジームの崩壊を早めた。 (2) 1860年の通商条約はシュバリエ=コブデン条約とも呼ばれる。ナポレオン3世が条約締結の大権を行使し,議会にはからず独断で結んだ。この関税率の大幅な引下げ,輸入禁止制の撤廃で,奢侈品,工芸品生産部門以外の中小企業,家内工業は衰微し,大企業の工場近代化が進展した。イギリスを中心とするヨーロッパの自由貿易主義体制を象徴する条約。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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