...In particular, the formation of rocks with a different chemical composition from the original magma through crystallization is called crystallization differentiation. The idea that magma differentiation occurs through crystallization caused by a drop in temperature has been advocated since the beginning of the 20th century by British author A. Harker and others, but it became the mainstream of igneous rock formation theory around 1920, when American author NL Bowen strongly advocated it based on experimental research on silicate melts. It has remained so to this day. Before Harker and Bowen, many researchers thought that magma differentiation occurred while the magma was liquid, and that the Soret effect, liquid immiscibility, gas transport, magma mixing, and magma contamination were thought to be the causes of differentiation. *Some of the terminology that refers to "igneous petrogenesis" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…特に,結晶作用によって,もとのマグマとは異なる化学組成の岩石が生ずることを結晶分化作用という。マグマの分化は温度の降下に伴う結晶作用によって生ずるという考えは,20世紀初頭からイギリスのハーカーA.Harkerなどによって唱えられていたが,特に,ケイ酸塩溶融体の実験的研究にもとづいてアメリカのボーエンN.L.Bowenが強く主張した1920年ころから,火成岩成因論の主流となり現在に至っている。なお,ハーカーやボーエン以前には,マグマの分化は,マグマが液体である間に起こると考える研究者が多く,ソレーSoretの効果,液体不混和,ガスによる運搬,マグマの混合,マグマの混染などが分化をひき起こす原因であろうと考えられていた。… ※「火成岩成因論」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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