Alkali Factory Method - Alkali Factory Information

...However, because it was complicated with existing institutions, efficiency did not improve, and lawsuits for pollution removal were time-consuming, and it was said that the legal costs were a cover for polluters. After a resident movement against smoke from chemical factories and a victory in the court battle, the Alkali Factories Act to prevent air pollution was enacted in 1863. After 1847, dozens of pollution prevention ordinances were enacted in various regions despite the opposition of the emerging capitalists, but this did not directly lead to improvement of the pollution problem. In The Condition of the Working Class in England, F. Engels called pollution a "social murder and injury," and said that it was a crime of omission, but that the culprit was the capitalist class that ruled this society. Furthermore, in Das Kapital, K. Marx wrote that despite all these laws and ordinances to prevent pollution and the actions of enthusiastic administrators, the situation had not improved at all.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Alkali Factory Process" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…しかし，既存の機関と錯綜（さくそう）しているために効率は上がらず，公害除去の訴訟も手続に手間をとり，訴訟費用が汚染者の隠れみのといわれた。　化学工場のばい煙に対する住民運動と，その裁判闘争の勝利を経て，63年，大気汚染防止のための〈アルカリ工場法〉が成立，また1847年以降，新興資本家たちの反対を押し切って各地方に数十の公害防止条例が出現したものの，公害問題の改善には直接は結びつかなかった。F.エンゲルスは《イギリスにおける労働者階級の状態》の中で，公害を〈社会的殺人･傷害〉と名付け，これは不作為犯であるが，犯人はこの社会の支配者である資本家階級であると述べ，また，K.マルクスは，《資本論》の中で，このようなたくさんの公害防止の法律や条例と熱意のある行政官の行動にもかかわらず，事態はいっこうに改善されていないと述べている。…

※「アルカリ工場法」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報