It is a unique term that was created in Japan after the Second World War, and has no equivalent in the West. It is said to have started in 1956 when the Ministry of Health and Welfare (now the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare) established the "Adult Disease Prevention Measures Liaison Council" to refer to serious diseases that occur frequently from middle age to old age, such as stroke (cerebrovascular disease), cancer (malignant neoplasm), and heart disease (heart disease). Furthermore, since the World Health Organization (WHO) listed diabetes as a serious disease in adults in 1971, diabetes has been included as one of the adult diseases in public health activities. However, in death statistics, it is classified as stroke, cancer, and heart disease, as well as hypertension and senility (without mental illness). In 1997, the Ministry of Health and Welfare changed the name of adult diseases to lifestyle-related diseases, following a recommendation from the Public Health Council (now the Health Science Council). From the Meiji period up until World War II, the leading causes of death were infectious diseases such as pneumonia and tuberculosis, but with the postwar advances in public health, infectious diseases dropped sharply. In 1935 (Showa 10), infectious diseases accounted for 43.4% of total deaths, while adult diseases (lifestyle-related diseases) accounted for 24.7%, but by 1955 the figures had reversed, at 20.4% and 47.2%, respectively. These were the circumstances that led the government to create a new category of "adult diseases" and make it a priority target for public health administration. [Kasuga Hitoshi] [Reference items] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
第二次世界大戦後の日本に生まれた独自の用語で、欧米にはこれに相当するものはない。1956年(昭和31)、厚生省(現、厚生労働省)が「成人病予防対策連絡協議会」において、脳卒中(脳血管疾患)、癌(がん)(悪性新生物)、心臓病(心疾患)など中年から老年期にかけて多発する重要疾患をさして「成人病」としたのが始まりとされている。さらに1971年、世界保健機関(WHO)が糖尿病を成人の重要疾患として取り上げて以来、公衆衛生活動としては糖尿病も成人病の一つに加えられた。しかし、死亡統計上は脳卒中、癌、心臓病の3疾患と高血圧性疾患、老衰(精神病を伴わないもの)などとされた。1997年(平成9)厚生省は公衆衛生審議会(現、厚生科学審議会)の提言を受け、成人病の呼称を生活習慣病と改めている。 明治以降、第二次世界大戦までをみると、死因順位の上位は肺炎、結核など感染性疾患によって占められていたが、戦後の公衆衛生の進展に伴い感染性疾患は急激に減少した。すなわち、1935年(昭和10)は感染性疾患が総死亡の43.4%に対し、成人病(生活習慣病)が24.7%であったが、1955年には20.4%対47.2%と逆転するに至った。政府が新たに「成人病」というカテゴリーをつくり、衛生行政の重点的な目標とした背景にはこうした事情があった。 [春日 齊] [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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