…However, the fact that a part of a member cross section reaches the limit stress does not necessarily mean that the structure will break or collapse, and many structures can withstand a certain amount of stress (excess strength exists), and the allowable stress design method only considers one safety factor for materials, even though there are various loads acting on a structure that are estimated with different degrees of accuracy. In order to correct these shortcomings, it was recognized that a fundamentally different and rational design method was needed, and research on limit design methods became active in the late 1950s, mainly in Europe and the United States. Methods that have been proposed to date and partially incorporated into actual design standards include the plastic design method, load factor design method, ultimate strength design method, and limit state design method. All of these design methods have the common purpose of evaluating the safety of a structure more directly against breakage or collapse, and of rationally combining loads of different natures, but the method and degree of realization differ. … *Some of the terms mentioned in the "load factor design method" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかし,部材断面の一部が限界の応力に達することがそのまま構造物の破壊,崩壊を意味せず,多くの構造物はさらにいくらかの応力の増加に耐えることができる(余剰耐力が存在する)こと,構造物の作用荷重の中にはその推定の確実度が異なるいろいろなものがあるにもかかわらず,許容応力度設計法は材料に関する一つの安全率しか考えていないことなどの欠点を是正するには,根本的に異なる合理的な設計方法が必要と認められ,50年代後半から欧米を中心に極限設計法の研究が盛んになった。現在までに提案され,部分的に実際の設計規準にとり入れられている手法としては,塑性設計法,荷重係数設計法,終局強度設計法および限界状態設計法と呼ばれるものがある。これらの設計法はいずれも,構造物の安全性を破壊,崩壊に対してより直接的に評価するとともに,性質の異なる荷重の組合せを合理的に行おうという共通の目的をもっているが,その具体化の方法と程度が違っている。… ※「荷重係数設計法」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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