Ballard, JG

Japanese: バラード(英語表記)Ballard, J.G.
Ballard, JG
[Born]1930.11.15. Shanghai, China
[Died] April 19, 2009. London, England. British novelist. Full name James Graham Ballard. Though he is popular for his science fiction novels set in an ecologically unbalanced world caused by excessive science and technology, he gained a wider readership with his autobiographical Empire of the Sun (1984, filmed in 1987) and Crash (1973, filmed in 1996), which explored the abnormal eroticism felt in car crashes. During World War II, he spent several years of his childhood in a Japanese prison camp in Shanghai. After the war, he returned to England and enrolled at King's College, Cambridge, but dropped out. He began writing short stories in the 1950s and began publishing full-length novels in the 1960s. His major works include the short story collection "The Voice of Time" (1960), "The Burning World" (1964), "The Crystal World" (1966), "Concrete Island" (1974), "Cocaine Nights" (1996), and "Super-Cannes" (2000). In 2008, he published his autobiography, "Miracles of Life".

Ballad
Ballade

A German poetic form. It is translated as "dance poem". It refers to short, narrative or lyric poems that contain dramatic and effective plots in a condensed verse. They sometimes have dark contents full of fear, but are usually made in the style of folk songs. They are romantic in content and are sometimes called "Romanze", but the boundaries are not clear. Ballads are often found in folk songs from the late Middle Ages to the 16th century, and after Herder collected them in the 18th century, attempts were made to compose them. Modern ballads were perfected by Bürger, Goethe, and Schiller, and were continued in the 19th century by Wieland, Droste-Hülsoff, CF Mayer, Fontane, and Lilienkron.

Ballad
Ballad; Ballade

The name of a piece of music. In the past, it meant a monophonic dance song, but in the 14th century it came to mean a fixed-form poem with a refrain and a musical form based on it, and polyphonic works were also created. Meanwhile, in England, songs with narrative content were called ballads, and this was inherited in 19th-century Germany and became the ballads of Schubert and J. Loewe. Many Romantic ballads are based on medieval tales and legends. Chopin and Brahms named their piano pieces ballads, and these pieces are characterized by their dramatic alternations between dramatic and lyrical parts.

Ballad
Ballade

A form of French poetry consisting of three stanzas and a coda (envoi), with the last line of each stanza and the coda being the same (the repeated refrain). It was pioneered by Guillaume de Machaut in the 14th century, and flourished in the 15th and 16th centuries, with masterpieces by A. Chartier, Charles d'Orléans, F. Billon, and J. Molinet. The best-known work by Billon is a ballad with the repeated phrase "Now, where is last year's snow?"

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1930.11.15. 中国,上海
[没]2009.4.19. イギリス,ロンドン
イギリスの小説家。フルネーム James Graham Ballard。行き過ぎた科学技術が引き起こす生態学的にアンバランスな世界を背景とする SF小説で根強い人気を誇る一方,自伝的な『太陽の帝国』Empire of the Sun(1984,1987映画化)や,車の衝突事故で感じる異常なエロティシズムを探求した『クラッシュ』Crash(1973,1996映画化)でより広い読者層に知られた。第2次世界大戦中,少年時代の数年間を上海にあった日本軍の捕虜収容所で過ごす。戦後イギリスに帰国し,ケンブリッジ大学のキングズ・カレッジに入学するが中退。1950年代に短編小説を書き始め,1960年代からは長編小説も発表した。おもな作品に,短編集『時の声』The Voice of Time(1960),『燃える世界』The Burning World(1964),『結晶世界』The Crystal World(1966),『コンクリートの島』Concrete Island(1974),『コカイン・ナイト』Cocaine Nights(1996),『スーパー・カンヌ』Super-Cannes(2000)など。2008年に自伝 "Miracles of Life"を出版。

バラード
Ballade

ドイツの詩の形式。「譚詩」と訳される。短い,叙事的あるいは抒情的な詩をいい,圧縮された詩のなかに劇的で効果的な筋書を含んでいる。それはときに恐怖に満ちた暗い内容をもっているが,民謡風に仕立てられるのが常である。ロマンチックな内容で,ときには「ロマンツェ」と呼ばれるが,その境界は明確でない。バラードは中世末期から 16世紀にかけての民謡に多くみられ,18世紀のヘルダーによる収集を経て,実作も試みられた。近代バラードはビュルガー,ゲーテ,シラーによって完成され,19世紀のウィーラント,ドロステ=ヒュルスホフ,C.F.マイアー,フォンターネ,リリエンクローンに受継がれた。

バラード
ballad; Ballade

楽曲の名称。古くは単声の舞踏歌のことを意味していたが,14世紀にはリフレインをもつ定形詩とそれに基づく楽曲形式を意味するようになり,多声部の作品も作られた。他方イギリスでは,語り物的な内容をもつ歌曲がバラッドと呼ばれ,これが 19世紀のドイツに受継がれてシューベルトや J.レーベのバラードになった。ロマン派のバラードは,中世の物語や伝説を題材とするものが多い。ショパンやブラームスはピアノ曲にバラードの名をつけたが,それらの曲では劇的な部分と抒情的な部分の起伏に富んだ交替が特徴である。

バラード
ballade

フランス詩の詩型。3つの詩節と結句 envoiから成り,各節と結句の最終行が同一 (繰返し句 refrain) となるもの。 14世紀のギヨーム・ド・マショーを先駆に,15~16世紀に栄え,A.シャルチエ,シャルル・ドルレアン,F.ビヨン,J.モリネらが傑作を残した。ビヨンの作品中で最もよく知られているものは,「さあれ,去年 (こぞ) の雪はいまいずこ」の繰返し句をもつバラードである。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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