Kawai Gyokudo - Kawai Gyokudo

Japanese painter. Born in Aichi Prefecture on November 24, 1873. His real name was Yoshisaburo. In 1887 (Meiji 20), he moved to Kyoto and studied under Mochizuki Gyokusen, and then in 1890 under Kono Bairei, learning the Shijo school. That same year, he exhibited at the 3rd Domestic Industrial Exposition and received a commendation, and also won awards from the Japan Young Painters Association and the Japan Art Association. In 1995, he was impressed by Hashimoto Gaho's Dragon and Tiger at the 4th Domestic Industrial Exposition, and the following year he moved to Tokyo and became his pupil. He exhibited Crescent Moon at the Tokyo Industrial Exposition in 1907 (Meiji 40), attracting attention, and his style, which skillfully blended the Shijo and Kano schools, spawned many followers. He was also selected as a judge for the Bunten Exhibition, which was opened in the same year, and thereafter became active in official exhibitions. In particular, his work "Passing Spring," which was exhibited at the 10th Bunten Exhibition in 1913 (Taisho 5), captured the natural scenery with a gentle brushstroke and a rich emotional impact, firmly establishing his position in the art. He was a professor at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts from 1912 to 1936 (Showa 11). He also opened the Choryu School and trained his students. In 1912 he became an Imperial Household Artist, in 1914 he became a member of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, and in 1962 he became a member of the Imperial Academy of Arts, and in 1965 he was awarded the Order of Culture. He was also a good poet, and published a collection of poems titled "Kusaya in Tama." He passed away on June 30, 1957. His former home in Mitake, Ome City, Tokyo, where he spent his later years, is open to the public as the Gyokudō Museum of Art (established in 1961).

[Minoru Harada]

"Contemporary Japanese Art 1: Shimomura Kanzan/Kawai Gyokudō" with commentary by Nagai Shinichi and Namba Sentaro (1976, Shueisha)" ▽ "Contemporary Ink Painting 6: Kawai Gyokudō/Kawabata Ryushi" edited by Kawakita Michiaki (1983, Kodansha)" ▽ "Kawai Gyokudō Sketchbook: Flowers and Birds Edition and Landscape Edition" with commentary by Sasaki Naohiko et al., 2 volumes in total (1979, Graphic-sha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

日本画家。明治6年11月24日愛知県に生まれる。本名芳三郎。1887年（明治20）京都に出て望月玉泉(もちづきぎょくせん)に、ついで90年に幸野楳嶺(こうのばいれい)に師事して四条派を学んだ。この年、第3回内国勧業博覧会に出品して褒状を受け、日本青年絵画協会、日本美術協会などでも受賞した。95年、第4回内国勧業博覧会で橋本雅邦(がほう)の『竜虎図』に感動し、翌年上京してその門に入った。1907年（明治40）の東京勧業博覧会に『二日月』を出品して注目を集め、四条派と狩野(かのう)派を巧みに融和させたその表現は多くの追従者を生んだ。またこの年開設された文展の審査員にあげられ、以後官展で活躍することになり、とくに16年（大正5）の第10回文展に出品した『行く春』は、穏和な筆致で自然のたたずまいを情趣豊かにとらえ、その地歩を不動のものにした。15年から36年（昭和11）まで東京美術学校教授。また長流塾を開いて門下を育てた。17年に帝室技芸員、19年に帝国美術院会員、37年には帝国芸術院会員となり、40年文化勲章を受章した。歌もよくし、歌集『多摩の草屋』がある。昭和32年6月30日没。晩年を過ごした東京青梅(おうめ)市御岳(みたけ)の旧居は、玉堂美術館（1961創設）として公開されている。

［原田　実］

『永井信一・難波専太郎解説『現代日本の美術1　下村観山／川合玉堂』（1976・集英社）』▽『河北倫明編『現代の水墨画6　川合玉堂・川端龍子』（1983・講談社）』▽『佐々木直比古他解説『川合玉堂写生帖　花鳥編・山水編』全2冊（1979・グラフィック社）』

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