Gallon - galon (English spelling)

Japanese: ガロン - がろん(英語表記)gallon
Gallon - galon (English spelling)

A unit of volume and base unit in the imperial system. It is expressed in gals. It differs greatly between the UK and the US, with the UK gallon (Imperial gallon) being 277.42 cubic inches, or 4.54609 liters, and the US gallon (US gallon) being 231 cubic inches, or 3.785412 liters. In 1824, the UK legally determined that a gallon was the volume of 10 pounds of water at 62 degrees Fahrenheit, and banned other gallons. However, even after that, smaller wine gallons measuring 231 cubic inches continued to circulate in the city for use with alcohol, and these wine gallons, which were officially approved during the reign of Queen Anne (reigned 1702-1714), were in use. The British who traveled to the American continent used this gallon on a regular basis, and it continues to do so to this day. The current Imperial gallon is defined by the UK Weights and Measures Act of 1963 as "the volume of water of 0.998859 grams per milliliter balanced by a 10 pound weight of density 8.136 grams per milliliter in air of density 0.001217 grams per milliliter." In Japan, the US gallon is mainly used. The name gallon is said to come from the Latin word gatela, a type of wine container.

[Koizumi Kesakatsu]

[Reference] | Imperial system

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ヤード・ポンド法の体積単位で、また基本単位。galで表す。イギリスとアメリカとでは大きく異なり、イギリスのガロン(英ガロン)は277.42立方インチ、4.54609リットル。アメリカのガロン(米ガロン)は231立方インチ、3.785412リットルである。イギリスは1824年、法律によってガロンを62(華氏62度)のときの水10ポンドの体積と決め、ほかのガロンを禁止した。しかし、それ以後も市中には酒用としてこれより小さい231立方インチの酒用ガロン(ワインガロン)が流通しており、アン女王(在位1702~1714)のとき公認されたこの酒用ガロンが使われていた。アメリカ大陸に渡ったイギリス人たちはこちらを常用とし現在に至っている。現在の英ガロンは1963年のイギリスの度量衡法により「0.001217グラム毎ミリリットルの密度をもつ空気中で、8.136グラム毎ミリリットルの密度をもつ10ポンドの分銅とつり合う0.998859グラム毎ミリリットルの水の体積」と定義されている。日本では主として米ガロンが使われている。ガロンの名はラテン語でgatelaという一種の酒の容器からきたといわれる。

[小泉袈裟勝]

[参照項目] | ヤード・ポンド法

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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