Lien - Priority

Japanese: 先取特権 - さきどりとっけん

A security right (Civil Code Article 303 et seq.) that allows a person with a special claim defined by law to receive payment from a certain asset of the debtor in priority over other creditors. Depending on the type of asset of the debtor that is the subject of the security right, there are three types: general lien (the subject is the total assets), movable lien (specific movable assets), and immovable lien (specific immovable assets). For example, an employee can receive priority payment of his/her salary claim from the total assets of the employer. Liens were established for policy reasons such as public interest and fairness, or the presumption of the intentions of the parties. In addition to the provisions of the Civil Code, they have been expanded by special laws such as the Land and House Lease Law and to cover claims such as taxes and various insurance premiums.
→ Related topics Real rights | Subrogation

Preferential right [senshu tokken]

→Priority

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

法律の定めた特殊の債権を有する者が債務者の一定の財産から他の債権者に優先して弁済を受ける担保物権（民法303条以下）。目的である債務者の財産の種類によって，一般の先取特権（目的となるものは総財産），動産の先取特権（特定の動産）および不動産の先取特権（特定の不動産）の３種に分かれる。たとえば，雇人は給料債権につき使用者の総財産から優先弁済を受けられる。先取特権は，公益・公平または当事者の意思の推測などの政策的理由に基づいて設けられた。民法上の規定のほか，借地借家法や，租税，各種の保険料などの債権について特別法によって拡張されている。
→関連項目物権｜物上代位