Processing and assembly industry

Japanese: 加工組立産業 - かこうくみたてさんぎょう

...This classification is mainly used when looking at the stage of industrial development because the weight of a country's production and export value tends to shift from light industry to heavy industry. Furthermore, when looking at industrial or economic development in detail, there is a way of dividing industry into material industries that produce materials (such as raw materials for other industries such as steel, ceramics, and chemical fibers, and construction materials) and processing and assembly industries that produce machinery (see the entry on material industries and processing and assembly industries). During periods of relatively high growth centered on industry, the construction of factories, houses, buildings, power plants, roads, bridges, ports, etc. is thriving, and the production growth of the processing and assembly industries is high, and the use of raw materials and parts increases sharply, so the production of the material industries increases significantly.

From [Industry Classification]

…
[Industry classification according to analysis purpose]
Recently, the purpose of industrial analysis has become more diverse, and industrial classifications are often made accordingly. (1) Classification based on the use of goods, such as investment goods industries that produce means of production, producer goods industries that produce raw materials (collectively called basic industries), and consumer goods industries that produce goods for consumption (sometimes limited to durable consumer goods), (2) Classification based on the degree of capital equipment ratio, such as heavy chemical industries (many of which are related to producer goods and investment goods) that have a high capital equipment ratio and require advanced technology and equipment, and light industries (many of which are related to consumer goods), which are the opposite of these, (3) Classification based on the degree of processing in the production process, such as materials industries (material industries and processing and assembly industries) that produce resources and materials for production, processing industries that process materials to produce individual items and parts, and assembly industries that use parts and materials to produce finished products, (4) Classification based on the degree of integration of production factors, such as capital-intensive industries (capital-intensive industries and labor-intensive industries) with high capital equipment ratios and labor-intensive industries with low capital equipment ratios and high integration with labor, etc. In addition, as a subdivision of the manufacturing industry, industries such as automobiles and electrical appliances are sometimes called processing and assembly industries, industries that are highly influenced by technological progress are called technology-intensive industries, and the computer industry, where software is more important than hardware, is sometimes called knowledge-intensive industries.

From [Materials Industry/Processing and Assembly Industry]

…Material industries include industries such as iron and steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, ceramics, earthenware, paper and pulp, textiles, petroleum and coal, while processing and assembly industries include general machinery, electrical machinery, precision machinery, and transportation machinery. The former are industries that supply raw materials used in other industries, such as materials used in construction and civil engineering and raw materials for the processing and assembly industries, while the latter are industries that produce products by combining raw materials and processed parts. …

*Some of the terminology used in the "processing and assembly industry" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この分類は主として，工業の発展段階をみる場合に，一国の生産に占めるウェイトや輸出額に占めるウェイトが軽工業から重工業に移る傾向があるために，利用される。さらに，工業あるいは経済の発展を細かくみる場合に，工業を素材(鉄鋼，窯業，化学繊維など他の工業の原材料や建設資材など)を生産する素材産業と，機械類を生産する加工組立産業に分ける見方がある(〈素材産業･加工組立産業〉の項参照)。経済が工業を中心に比較的高い成長を遂げている時期には，工場，住宅，ビルディング，発電所，道路，橋，港湾などの建設が盛んであり，また加工組立産業の生産の伸びが高く，原材料，部品の使用量が急増するため，素材産業の生産は大幅に増加する。…

【産業分類】より

…
［分析目的に合わせた産業分類］
　最近は，産業の分析目的が多様化しており，それに合わせた産業分類を行うケースが多い。(1)商品の用途面から分類して，生産手段を生産する投資財産業，原材料を生産する生産財産業(以上をまとめて基礎産業)，消費にあてられる財を生産する消費財産業(耐久消費財に限定する場合もある)，(2)資本装備率が高く，高度な技術と設備を必要とする重化学工業(生産財，投資財関連の産業が多い)とそれらの点で反対の軽工業(消費財関連の産業が多い)という分類，(3)生産過程における加工度の違いによる区分で，生産のための資源や材料を生産する素材産業(素材産業･加工組立産業)，材料を加工して単品や部品を生産する加工産業，部品や材料を用いて完成品を生産する組立産業，(4)生産要素の結合具合の違いにより資本装備率の高い資本集約型産業(資本集約型産業･労働集約型産業)，それが低く，労働との結合度が高い労働集約型産業，などがある。　また，製造業の内分類として，自動車や電機などの産業を加工組立産業，技術進歩の影響度が高い産業を技術集約型産業，ハードウェアよりもソフトウェアが重要なコンピューター産業などを知識集約型産業などという場合もある。…

【素材産業･加工組立産業】より

…素材産業は鉄鋼，非鉄金属，化学，窯業･土石，紙･パルプ，繊維，石油･石炭等の産業をいい，加工組立産業は一般機械，電気機械，精密機械，輸送機械等の産業を指す。前者は建築土木で使う資材や加工組立産業の原材料といった他の産業で使用される素原材料を供給する産業であり，後者は原材料と部品の加工との組合せによって製品を生産する産業である。…

※「加工組立産業」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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