Xia-xiang yun-dong (English: Xia-xiang yun-dong)

Japanese: 下郷運動 - かきょううんどう（英語表記）Xia-xiang yun-dong

A movement during the Chinese Revolution in which urban students and intellectuals went to rural areas to enlighten the peasant masses or to create a popular culture by linking up with the peasant masses. The seeds of this movement were seen during the May Fourth Movement in 1919. During the December 9th Movement in 1935, students from various regions organized southward expansion propaganda corps under the influence of the Chinese Communist Party, went into the countryside, and appealed to the peasants to resist Japan and save the country. Later, even during the War of Resistance against Japan, many intellectuals and students went into remote rural areas and launched a movement to go down to the countryside. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, this was continued with the "downward sending" of cadres to the countryside as part of the Shangshan Down the Countryside movement and the Rectification Movement after 1958.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国革命のなかで都市の学生や知識人が農村に入って農民大衆に対して啓蒙を行い，あるいは農民大衆と結びついて大衆的な文化をつくりだそうとした運動。この運動の萌芽は，1919年の五・四運動の際にみられた。 35年の一二・九運動では，各地の学生が中国共産党の影響のもとに南下拡大宣伝団を組織して農村に入り，抗日救国を農民に訴えた。その後，抗日戦争中にも，多くの知識人や学生が奥地の農村に入り，下郷運動を展開した。中華人民共和国成立後は，上山下郷や 58年以後の整風運動の一環としての幹部の「下放」に引継がれていった。

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