Chemical structure - kagakukozo (English)

Japanese: 化学構造 - かがくこうぞう(英語表記)chemical structure
Chemical structure - kagakukozo (English)

Showing the constituent atoms of a substance, including the state of bonds. For example, both ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and dimethyl ether have the composition C 2 H 6 O, but their chemical structures are different. The differences in the properties of substances are explained by the differences in their chemical structures.

Alcohols have a hydroxyl group -OH, but ethers do not, so the former dissolve in water. Dimethyl ether's C-O-C is not a straight line, so it is sometimes written as (II). A chemical formula that shows a chemical structure is called a structural formula. Today, physical measurement methods are widely used to determine chemical structures.

For example, alcohols and ethers can be readily distinguished using infrared absorption spectroscopy.

[Takashi Shimozawa]

[Reference items] | Chemical physics | Structural chemistry
Chemical structure of CHO
©Shogakukan ">

Chemical structure of CHO


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

物質の組成原子を結合の状態を含めて示すこと。たとえば、エタノール(エチルアルコール)もジメチルエーテルもC2H6Oの組成をもつが、化学構造が異なる。物質の性質の相異は化学構造の違いによって説明される。

 アルコールにはヒドロキシ基‐OHがあるが、エーテルにはないので、前者は水に溶ける。ジメチルエーテルのC‐O‐Cは直線ではないので、(Ⅱ)のように書くことがある。化学構造がわかるように示した化学式を構造式という。化学構造を決定するためには、今日では広く物理的な測定手段が用いられる。

 たとえば、赤外線吸収スペクトルを用いると、アルコールとエーテルはただちに区別ができる。

[下沢 隆]

[参照項目] | 化学物理学 | 構造化学
CHOの化学構造
©Shogakukan">

CHOの化学構造


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Mandibular breathing - science

>>:  Chemical synthetic inorganic oxidizers

Recommend

Bridgman - Percy Williams Bridgman

American physicist. Known for his work in the fie...

hukuma (English spelling)

...Of course, daula is a concept centered on the ...

Paez - José Antonio Páez

A military man and politician, originally a ranch...

Shadow puppet

〘Noun〙① A game in which people make shapes of peop...

allgemeines Priestertum (English spelling) allgemeinesPriestertum

In "To the Christian Nobility of the German ...

Thurstone, LL (English spelling) ThurstoneLL

...CE Spearman observed a correlation structure i...

Outer London

Greater London, the administrative region of Grea...

Bidens frondosa (English spelling)

…[Hiroji Koyama]. . … *Some of the terminology th...

Affiliated God

A minor deity subordinate to a larger deity. A bra...

Apothecary

… Pharmaceuticals [Takashi Tatsuno] [Western] Alr...

Golden bamboo - Golden bamboo

...Kinmei bamboo cv. Castillonis has golden culms...

Illustrated Book

In the broad sense, it refers to a book that is m...

Tokunoshima

An island in the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefect...

Iron sulfide mineral

This refers to naturally occurring iron sulfides. ...

Marie de Vichy-Chamrond, Marquise du Deffand

A famous salon host in 18th century France. Encyc...