Showing the constituent atoms of a substance, including the state of bonds. For example, both ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and dimethyl ether have the composition C 2 H 6 O, but their chemical structures are different. The differences in the properties of substances are explained by the differences in their chemical structures. Alcohols have a hydroxyl group -OH, but ethers do not, so the former dissolve in water. Dimethyl ether's C-O-C is not a straight line, so it is sometimes written as (II). A chemical formula that shows a chemical structure is called a structural formula. Today, physical measurement methods are widely used to determine chemical structures. For example, alcohols and ethers can be readily distinguished using infrared absorption spectroscopy. [Takashi Shimozawa] [Reference items] | |©Shogakukan "> Chemical structure of CHO Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物質の組成原子を結合の状態を含めて示すこと。たとえば、エタノール(エチルアルコール)もジメチルエーテルもC2H6Oの組成をもつが、化学構造が異なる。物質の性質の相異は化学構造の違いによって説明される。 アルコールにはヒドロキシ基‐OHがあるが、エーテルにはないので、前者は水に溶ける。ジメチルエーテルのC‐O‐Cは直線ではないので、(Ⅱ)のように書くことがある。化学構造がわかるように示した化学式を構造式という。化学構造を決定するためには、今日では広く物理的な測定手段が用いられる。 たとえば、赤外線吸収スペクトルを用いると、アルコールとエーテルはただちに区別ができる。 [下沢 隆] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> CHOの化学構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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