Gaumata - Gaumata

Japanese: ガウマータ - がうまーた
Gaumata - Gaumata

…son of Hystaspes, a member of the Achaemenid Empire. He killed Gaumāta, a Magian priest who had usurped the throne under the false pretense of being Cambyses II's brother Bardiya, along with six other Persian nobles, and proclaimed himself king. He suppressed the subsequent rebellions throughout the empire within a year, had an inscription engraved at Bistun to commemorate this feat, and began construction of the new capital, Persepolis.

From the Persian Empire

...His successor, Cambyses II, occupied Egypt in 525 BC and achieved the unification of the ancient Orient. In 522 BC, the Magian priest Gaumata usurped the throne, and when Cambyses died on his way home, Darius I of the Achaemenid clan overthrew Gaumata and took the throne. The early Persian Empire was a personal confederation formed by the kings of each country conquered by Cyrus II and Cambyses II, so the end of the Cyrus line meant the end of Persian rule for the subject nations. ...

From Magi

...The belief that it was obligatory to kill this vermin and the special funeral customs are consistent with those of later Zoroastrians. In the history of the Achaemenid Empire, Darius I murdered Gaumāta of Magus, who had falsely claimed to be the king's brother and usurped the throne, and took the throne himself. In Greek tradition, the Magi were considered to possess mystical religious knowledge, and the story of the Three Wise Men (called the Magi in the Interconfessional Translation of the Bible as the Magi) who predicted the birth of Jesus (their visit to the temple) as told in the Gospel of Matthew (2:1ff.) is based on this tradition.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Gaumata" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…アケメネス朝傍系のヒュスタスペスHystaspēsの子。カンビュセス2世の弟バルディヤと偽って王位を簒奪したマゴス祭司のガウマータGaumātaを,6人のペルシア貴族とともに襲って殺し,即位を宣言した。つづいて起こった帝国各地の反乱を1年のあいだに鎮圧し,この功業を記念してビストゥンに碑文を刻ませ,新都ペルセポリスの建設を開始した。…

【ペルシア帝国】より

…彼の後を継いだカンビュセス2世は,前525年にエジプトを占領して古代オリエント世界の統一を実現した。前522年にマゴス祭司ガウマータGaumātaによる王位簒奪事件が起こり,帰国の途中でカンビュセスが亡くなると,アケメネス一族のダレイオス1世がガウマータを倒して王位に就いた。初期のペルシア帝国は,キュロス2世やカンビュセス2世が征服したそれぞれの国家の王に即位することによって成り立つ同君連合国家の形態をとっていたから,キュロス王統の断絶は臣属民族にとってペルシア支配の終了を意味した。…

【マギ】より

…この害獣を殺すのを義務とする信仰,特殊な葬送のやり方は,後代のゾロアスター教徒のそれと一致する。アケメネス朝ペルシア史上では,王弟を詐称して王位を簒奪したマグ(マゴス)のガウマータGaumātaをダレイオス1世が殺害して王位に就いた事件が記録されている。マギはギリシアの伝承では神秘な宗教知識の所有者とみなされ,《マタイによる福音書》(2:1以下)の伝える,イエス降誕を予知した東方の三博士(《共同訳聖書》では〈占星術の学者たち〉)の話(三博士の参拝)は,このような伝統に基づく。…

※「ガウマータ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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