Intervention study

Japanese: 介入研究 - かいにゅうけんきゅう(英語表記)intervention study
Intervention study

A research method in analytical epidemiology that examines the relationship between health-related events and their causes. It is also called "intervention research" as a translation of the English name, and "experimental epidemiology" is used with almost the same meaning. Causal relationships are examined by experimentally adding or removing factors that cause a certain disease based on a hypothesis. Newly devised treatment or prevention programs are also tried and their effectiveness is evaluated.

There are several types of intervention studies, but randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which divide subjects into an intervention group and a non-intervention group (control group), are considered to be the most effective. In treatment programs, a new treatment is tried on the intervention group, and a conventional treatment is used on the control group for comparison. In prevention programs, for example, new health education is tried on the intervention group, and conventional health guidance is given to the control group, to compare and verify the effectiveness of the new education. Intervention studies that target people such as patients are called clinical trials, and one example is a clinical trial to confirm the effectiveness of medicines. When conducting intervention studies, ethical issues cannot be avoided, as they involve medical procedures that are different from daily medical care, and it takes a long time to prove effectiveness.

In addition, research that does not involve therapeutic intervention on the subjects, but instead collects and observes information on the effects of conventional treatments for a disease, is called an observational study.

[Editorial Department]

[References] | Observational studies

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

健康にかかわる事象とその要因との関連を検討する分析疫学の研究方法の一つ。英語の名称の訳語で、「インターベンション研究」ともよばれ、「実験疫学experimental epidemiology」もほぼ同じ意味で使われる。ある疾病が起こる要因を、仮説に基づいて実験的に加えたり除いたりすることにより、その因果関係を調べる。また、新たに考え出された治療プログラムや予防プログラムを試みて、その有効性について評価する。

 介入研究にはいくつか種類があるが、対象者を介入群と非介入群(対照群)に分けて行う無作為割付け試験(ランダム化比較試験、RCT:randomized controlled trial)が、もっとも有効性が高いとされている。治療プログラムにおいては、介入群に対しては新たな治療法を試み、対照群には従来の治療法を用いて比較検証する。予防プログラムにおいては、たとえば介入群には新たな健康教育を試み、対照群には従来の健康指導を行うことで、新たな教育の効果について比較検証する。患者などの人を対象とした介入研究は臨床試験とよばれ、医薬品などの効果を確認するための治験もその一つである。介入研究を行う場合には、日常の診療とは異なる医療行為を伴うなど倫理的な問題を避けて通ることができず、また有効性が立証されるまでに多くの時間を要する。

 なお、対象者に治療的介入などを行わず、疾病に対する従来の治療の効果などについて情報を収集して観察する研究は、観察研究とよばれる。

[編集部]

[参照項目] | 観察研究

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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