Rotational spectrum - Kaiten spectrum

Japanese: 回転スペクトル - カイテンスペクトル
Rotational spectrum - Kaiten spectrum

A quantized energy state of molecular rotation. In other words, it is a spectrum resulting from transitions between rotational levels. It is observed in the far infrared region, microwave region, and occasionally in the radio wave region. If the principal moments of inertia of a molecule are I a , I b , and I c ( I aI bI c ), and the principal axis components of the rotational angular momentum are P a , P b , and P c , then the rotational energy is

P a 2 /2 I a + P b 2 /2 I b + P c 2 /2 I c
The rotation constant is expressed as

A = h /8 π 2 I a ,

B = h / 8π2Ib ,

C = h /8 π 2 I c ( h is Planck's constant)
Introducing

( Ia = 0 , Ib = Ic )
The rotational energy of

hBJ ( J + 1)
In the symmetric top molecule, I a = I b or I b = I c , but in the latter case,

hBJ ( J + 1) + h ( A - B ) K 2
is the quantized energy. Here, J is the rotational quantum number, and K is the rotational quantum number along the molecular axis, J = 0, 1, 2, …, K = 0, ±1, …, ± J . In these molecules,

ΔJ = ±1, ΔK = 0
Since the selection rule holds, the frequency of the transition spectrum from the J -1 level to the J level is 2 BJ , but in reality a small correction term due to centrifugal distortion is added. The rotational levels and rotational spectrum of an asymmetric top are complex. Rotational spectra provide insight into the structure of molecules and vibration-rotation interactions.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

分子回転の量子化されたエネルギー状態.すなわち,回転準位の間で起こる遷移によるスペクトルをいう.遠赤外領域からマイクロ波領域,まれにはラジオ波領域で観測される.分子の主慣性モーメントを IaIbIc(IaIbIc)とし,回転角運動量の慣性主軸成分を PaPbPc とすると,回転エネルギーは

Pa2/2IaPb2/2IbPc2/2Ic
と表される.回転定数

Ah/8π2Ia

Bh/8π2Ib

Ch/8π2Ic(hはプランク定数)
を導入すると,直線分子

(Ia = 0,IbIc)
の回転エネルギーは

hBJ(J + 1)
となり,対称こま分子では IaIb または IbIc であるが,後者では

hBJ(J + 1) + h(AB)K 2
が量子化されたエネルギーである.ここで,Jは回転量子数,Kは分子軸方向の回転量子数で,J = 0,1,2,…,K = 0,±1,…,±Jである.これらの分子では

ΔJ = ±1,ΔK = 0
の選択律が成立するから,J - 1からJの準位への遷移スペクトルの周波数は2BJとなるが,実際には遠心力ひずみによる小さな補正項がつけ加わる.非対称こまの回転準位および回転スペクトルは複雑なものとなる.回転スペクトルは,分子の構造や振動回転相互作用に関する知見を与える.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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