Kaluga (English spelling)

Japanese: カルーガ(英語表記)Kaluga
Kaluga (English spelling)
The capital of Kaluga Oblast in western Russia. It is a river port city located on the upper Oka River, about 170 km south-southwest of Moscow. It was built in the 14th century as a fortress to secure the southern border of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the 17th century, it was devastated by Cossack attacks, plague, and fire. In the winter of 1941, it was occupied by German troops. Industries include machinery (televisions, turbines, railway maintenance machines, automatic control devices), musical instruments (accordions, pianos), food (flour mills, confectionery, meat), and wood processing (matches). The city has buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries, and the house of KE Tsiolkovsky, a pioneering rocket researcher who was a mathematics teacher in the city in the 1890s, is preserved as a museum. There is a pedagogical university. The Tula-Vyazma railway runs through the city, and it is close to the intersection of the railway and the Moscow-Kiev line. Population: 325,185 (2010).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ロシア西部,カルーガ州の州都。モスクワの南南西約 170km,オカ川上流部にのぞむ河港都市。 14世紀にモスクワ大公国の南境を固める要塞として建設された。 17世紀にはコサックの攻撃,疫病,火災などにより荒廃。 1941年冬ドイツ軍に占領された。機械 (テレビ,タービン,鉄道路線整備機械,自動制御装置) ,楽器 (アコーディオン,ピアノ) ,食品 (製粉,製菓,食肉) ,木材加工 (マッチ) などの工業がある。市内には 18~19世紀の建築物が残されており,1890年代に市で数学教師をつとめていたロケットの先駆的研究者 K.E.ツィオルコフスキーの住居が博物館として保存されている。教育大学がある。トゥーラとビャジマを結ぶ鉄道が通り,同線とモスクワ-キエフ線が交差する地点に近い。人口 32万5185(2010)。

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