Plein airism

Japanese: 外光主義 - がいこうしゅぎ
Plein airism

... The Meiji Art Society also saw the emergence of such Western-trained artists as Nakamura Fusetsu, Mitsutani Kunishiro (1874-1936), Yoshida Hiroshi (1876-1950), Kanokogi Takeshiro (1874-1941), Nakagawa Hachiro (1877-1922), Kawai Shinzo (1867-1936), Maruyama Banka (1867-1942), and Oshita Tojiro, who founded the Taiheiyo Art Society in 1901 to rival the Hakuba-kai. However, when the Ministry of Education Art Exhibition (Bunten) was established in 1907, the bright plein air style of Kuroda's academic realism combined with impressionist colors, that is, the style of the Art School and the Hakuba-kai, came to dominate the Western painting world as Japanese academicism.
[The sculpture world in the Meiji period]
As with painting, the development of sculpture has followed two paths: Western-oriented sculpture and woodcarving that improves upon traditional styles, depending on the strength of Westernization and nationalism.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "plein airism" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… 明治美術会にも,欧米に学んだ中村不折,満谷(みつたに)国四郎(1874‐1936),吉田博(1876‐1950),鹿子木孟郎(かのこぎたけしろう)(1874‐1941),中川八郎(1877‐1922),河合新蔵(1867‐1936),丸山晩霞(1867‐1942),大下藤次郎などが現れて,1901年太平洋画会を興し,白馬会に対抗した。しかし07年文部省美術展覧会(文展)が設立されると,黒田のアカデミックな写実に印象派の色彩を加えた明るい外光主義の画風,すなわち美術学校と白馬会の画風が,日本のアカデミズムとして洋画界を支配するようになっていった。
[明治の彫刻界]
 彫刻の推移についても,絵画の場合と同じく欧化と国粋の強弱に応じて,西洋志向の彫塑と伝統改良の木彫という二つの道すじが展開している。…

※「外光主義」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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