False -

…If you make an employee work on a holiday while keeping it as a holiday, it is holiday work, and even if you make a working day a substitute holiday after that, you cannot avoid the obligation to pay the premium.
[Holidays in Japan before the establishment of the weekly holiday system]

[Ritsuryo hypothetical]
The ancient Japanese holiday system began with the Taiho Code. Ancient holidays were called "ka" and "kyuu" (leave days), and "kyuu" (holidays), or so-called "rokukaku" (six holidays), were days when government offices were not working and did not require application, but only applied to the various offices in Kyoto, not to the provincial and county offices.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "假" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…休日を休日としたまま労働させる場合は休日労働であり，その後に労働日を代休日にしても割増部分の支払義務を免れることはできない。休憩【渡辺 章】
【週休制成立以前の日本の休日】

［令制の假］
　日本古代の休日の制度は大宝令より始まる。古代の休日は〈假（か∥け）〉といい，〈休暇〉の日，いわゆる〈六假〉は官司の勤務のない日で，申請を要しないが，在京の諸司のみで，国郡司にはなかった。…

※「假」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報