Onchocerciasis - Onchocerciasis

Japanese: オンコセルカ症 - おんこせるかしょう(英語表記)Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis - Onchocerciasis

This is an endemic disease caused by a nematode called Onchocerca volvulus, transmitted by blackflies and mosquitoes. It is also called Onchocerca volvulus and occurs frequently in tropical regions such as Africa and Central and South America. It causes acute, intense itching and rashes along with tumors on the skin, and if the symptoms progress, it can lead to blindness as the larvae reach the eyes through the blood vessels. It is also called river blindness, river blindness, or river blindness because it is spread by blackflies and mosquitoes that breed in rivers. It is designated as a "neglected tropical disease" by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the macrolide antibiotic ivermectin is considered to be a specific treatment. Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug developed by an American pharmaceutical company based on avermectin, a chemical released from actinomycetes discovered by Nobel Prize winner in Physiology or Medicine Satoshi Omura. Following Ohmura's patent waiver, the pharmaceutical company began providing the drug free of charge to Africa and other countries to halt blindness caused by onchocerciasis, and is on track to eradicate the parasitic infection by 2025.

[Editorial Department, May 19, 2016]

[References] | Ivermectin | Avermectin | Satoshi Omura | Neglected tropical diseases | Nematodes | Macrolide antibiotics

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ブユやカが媒介し、オンコセルカとよばれる線虫(回旋糸状虫)によって引き起こされる風土病。回旋糸状虫症ともいい、アフリカや中南米など熱帯地域に多く発生する。皮膚に腫瘤(しゅりゅう)とともに急性の激しいかゆみや発疹(ほっしん)を生じ、幼虫が血管を介して目に到達するなどして症状が進むと失明する可能性もある。川で繁殖するブユやカによって広がることから、河川盲目症、河盲症、あるいは河川失明症ともよばれる。WHO(世界保健機関)によって「顧みられない熱帯病」に指定されており、マクロライド系抗生物質であるイベルメクチンが特効薬とされる。イベルメクチンは、ノーベル医学生理学賞受賞者の大村智(おおむらさとし)によって発見された放線菌から放出される化学物質「エバーメクチン」を基に、アメリカの製薬会社によって開発された寄生虫駆除薬である。この製薬会社はその後、大村による特許の権利放棄をうけてアフリカなどでこの薬を無償で提供し、オンコセルカ症による失明を食い止めることに力を注いだ。その結果、この寄生虫感染症を2025年までに撲滅するめどが立つことになった。

[編集部 2016年5月19日]

[参照項目] | イベルメクチン | エバーメクチン | 大村智 | 顧みられない熱帯病 | 線虫 | マクロライド系抗生物質

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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