The application of music as psychotherapy for the promotion of mental and physical health, taking advantage of the functional effects that music has on human physiology and psychology. There are ancient examples of music being used to treat illness in Greek mythology and the Old Testament, and there are also traditions of music therapy practiced around the world by sorcerers who use sound to expel illness from the human mind and body. However, the form of music therapy currently practiced mainly in Europe and the United States is scientific music therapy, which was born after World War II and was developed to help people overcome mental and physical disabilities caused by the war. The field of music therapy extends from the psychological fields of psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine to the so-called general development of human beings, and its scope of activity has expanded from psychiatric hospitals to special education facilities, facilities for delinquency, elderly care facilities, and stressful workplaces. It is used in a variety of ways, including the use of BGM (background music) as a stress reliever in monotonous work places or waiting rooms, activating the response of autistic children through rhythmic stimulation, expressive therapy to induce improvisation on a favorite instrument and realize self-expression, ensemble communication method to evoke a sense of belonging to a group and a sense of role through ensemble playing, application of music to the rehabilitation of speech and physical movement disorders, etc. Although a theory that unifies these various therapies has not yet been established, music therapists are being trained in the United States, and research linked to clinical practice is being conducted. [Akiko Kawaguchi] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
音楽が人間の生理と心理に及ぼす機能的効果を利用して、心身の健康のために音楽を心理療法として応用すること。古くはギリシア神話や『旧約聖書』のなかにも音楽を病気治療に用いた例がみられるし、また人間の心身に取りついた病魔を音を用いた呪術(じゅじゅつ)によって追い払おうとする呪術医師による音楽療法の伝統は世界各地に存在する。しかし現在、欧米を中心に行われているのは、第二次世界大戦を境に生まれた科学主義音楽療法で、戦争による心身障害克服のために開発された。音楽療法の領域は、精神医学や精神身体医学の心理的分野から、いわゆる人間形成一般にまで及び、その活動範囲も精神科病院から特殊教育施設、非行関係施設、老人施設、ストレスの多い職場などへと広がっている。その使われ方は、単調な作業場や待合室でのストレス緩和剤としてのBGM(バックグラウンド・ミュージック)の使用、自閉症児などに対してのリズム刺激による反応の活発化、好みの楽器で即興演奏を誘発させ自己表現の実現を図る表現療法、合奏を通じて集団所属感、役割意識などを喚起する合奏式コミュニケーション法、言語・身体運動障害のリハビリテーションへの音楽の応用などさまざまである。これら種々の療法を統一する理論はまだ確立していないが、アメリカでは音楽療法士music therapistの養成も行われており、臨床と結び付いた研究が進められている。 [川口明子] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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