The origin of this idea is said to be in 1800, when a man saw a giant tree called Zaman del Guay in the village of Turmero in Venezuela, which was 20 meters tall, had a trunk diameter of just under 10 meters, and a crown diameter of over 60 meters. The man was amazed to see this giant tree, which had leaves similar to those of the silk tree, and declared that anyone who damaged such natural monuments would be severely punished in this region, which had no human monuments. The French writer FR de Chateaubriand also used the term natural monument in 1902, and the German nature conservationist H. Conwentz (1855-1922) defined natural monuments as "primitive forests, plant communities, and other natural products of plants, animals, and minerals that have remained in a certain region since ancient times, and which exist today almost entirely unaffected by human activity, despite changes in the surrounding conditions." This idea includes the nuance that not only individual specimen types but also entire biomes and landscapes can be considered natural monuments, which is consistent with the current idea of natural monuments. *Some of the terminology references "Conwentz, H." are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…1800年ベネズエラのツルメロという村で樹高20m,幹の直径10m弱,樹冠の直径が60m以上もあるザマン・デル・グアイと呼ばれるネムノキの葉に似た葉をもつ巨木を見て感嘆し,人文記念物のないこの地方では,こうした天然記念物Naturdenkmalを損傷する者は厳罰に処せられる,といったのがその嚆矢(こうし)であるとされている。またフランスの作家F.R.deシャトーブリアンも02年に天然記念物ということばを用いているし,ドイツの自然保護運動家コンウェンツH.Conwentz(1855‐1922)は〈昔から一つの地方に残ってきた原始林,植物群落ならびにその他の草木および動物,鉱物いっさいの天然物で,周囲の状態が変化したにもかかわらず,それだけはほとんど人為の影響をこうむらずに今日存在しているもの〉を天然記念物と定義している。この考え方の中には,個々の標本的種類だけでなく,総合されたバイオームや景観をも天然記念物とみなすことが可能であるというニュアンスが含まれているが,このことは現在の天然記念物の考え方とよく整合している。… ※「Conwentz,H.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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