Operon - operon (English spelling)

Japanese: オペロン - おぺろん(英語表記)operon
Operon - operon (English spelling)

A genetic regulatory unit consisting of one or several genes that are subject to the same regulatory action and are expressed simultaneously. In 1961, F. Jacob and J. L. Monod of France proposed the "operon theory" based on their study of the regulatory mechanism of lactose metabolism in Escherichia coli, which states that enzyme synthesis is regulated by regulatory genes in groups of genes called operons. According to this theory, one end of an operon has a part called an operator, which receives the action of regulatory genes outside the operon. When a regulatory substance (a protein called a repressor) produced by a regulatory gene binds to the operator, the transcription of messenger RNA from the genes in that operon is suppressed and no enzyme is synthesized. When the repressor cannot bind to the operator due to inactivation by an inducer added from outside, the transcription of messenger RNA occurs and the enzyme is synthesized. The genes in an operon are transcribed as a series of messenger RNA and are regulated simultaneously. It has been found that many enzyme systems in bacteria are regulated by operons. However, in eukaryotes such as fungi, there are few examples of regulation by operon units, and it is presumed that different regulatory mechanisms are also at work.

[Tatsuo Ishikawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1ないし数個の遺伝子からなり、同じ調節作用を受け、同時に発現する遺伝学的調節単位。1961年にフランスのF・ジャコブとJ・L・モノーは大腸菌の乳糖代謝の調節機構の研究から酵素合成は調節遺伝子によりオペロンとよばれる遺伝子群を単位として調節されているという「オペロン説」を提出した。この説によると、オペロンの一端にはオペレーターoperatorとよばれる部分があり、オペロン外にある調節遺伝子の作用を受け入れる。調節遺伝子からつくられる調節物質(抑制体とよばれるタンパク質)がオペレーターに結合すると、そのオペロンに属する遺伝子からの伝令RNAの転写が抑制され、酵素は合成されない。抑制体が外部から加えられた誘導物質による不活性化などのためオペレーターに結合できないときには、伝令RNAの転写がおこり、酵素が合成される。一つのオペロンに属する遺伝子は一続きの伝令RNAとして転写され、同時に調節されている。細菌類では多くの酵素系がオペロン単位で調節されていることがわかっている。しかし菌類など真核生物ではオペロン単位による調節の例が少なく、異なる調節機構も働いているものと推定されている。

[石川辰夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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