A marine animal belonging to the family Acanthasteridae in the class Asteroidea of the phylum Echinodermata. This bizarre-looking starfish has a large body covered with many sharp spines. It can reach a diameter of more than 20 centimeters and has 11 to 16 arms. The spines are about 2 centimeters long and have poison glands in the skin, making it dangerous to touch. The body color varies from individual to individual, from blue-gray, yellowish brown, to reddish brown, but the tips of the spines are reddish orange. It has the habit of inflating its stomach and pushing it out of its mouth, dissolving the soft parts of stony coral on coral reefs, and eating them. They sometimes occur abnormally, and at one time the coral reefs of Australia, Micronesia, and Okinawa were in danger of being devastated. One theory about the cause was that it was caused by environmental pollution, but the more likely theory is that it was caused by periodic natural occurrence. Its distribution is in the coral reef areas from the Western Pacific to the Indian Ocean, with the southern tip of the Kii Peninsula being the northernmost recorded habitat of this species in Japanese waters. [Michio Shigei] They move around while eating the coral polyps. The white areas of the coral are damaged areas. © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama "> Crown-of-thorns starfish (ecology) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
棘皮(きょくひ)動物門ヒトデ綱オニヒトデ科に属する海産動物。体は大きくて体表に鋭い棘(とげ)が多数生え、みるからに奇怪なヒトデ。直径は20センチメートル以上にもなり、腕は11~16本ある。棘は2センチメートル近くあり、表皮に毒腺(どくせん)があるので触れると危険である。体色は青灰色、黄褐色、赤褐色など個体差があるが、棘の先は赤橙(せきとう)色を帯びる。胃を膨らませて口から外へ押し出し、サンゴ礁のイシサンゴの軟体部を溶かして食べる習性がある。異常発生することがあり、一時期、オーストラリア、ミクロネシア、沖縄のサンゴ礁が荒廃の危機に面した。その原因については環境汚染説も唱えられたが、むしろ周期的な自然発生によるものとの説が有力である。分布は、西太平洋からインド洋にかけてのサンゴ礁海域で、日本近海では紀伊半島南端の生息の記録が北限である。 [重井陸夫] サンゴのポリプを食べながら移動する。サンゴの白く見えるところは被害部©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ"> オニヒトデ(生態) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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