Great barracuda

Japanese: オニカマス - おにかます(英語表記)great barracuda
Great barracuda

A marine fish belonging to the order Perciformes, family Sphyrna. In Okinawa, it is called Chichirukamasa, and in English speaking countries, it is called Great Barracuda or Barracuda. ​​It is found in tropical areas of the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean, except for southern Japan and the eastern Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the big barracuda, but it can be distinguished by the fact that the numerous horizontal bands on its side are limited to the upper half of the lateral line, the last soft rays of its dorsal and anal fins do not extend, and it has a small number of lateral line perforated scales (75 to 87). It has a large mouth and sharp teeth. It is large, reaching a total length of more than 2 meters. It lives in coral reefs and shallow areas of inland bays. It forms schools during spawning season, but usually swims alone. It is ferocious and sometimes attacks humans. It eats a wide variety of fish, including sea bass, horse mackerel, pufferfish, and grunt.

In particular, those from tropical regions have a toxic substance called ciguatera in their flesh, which can cause nausea and motor paralysis when eaten. This is why they are also called poisonous barracudas. This toxicity is passed down the food chain from algae to herbivorous fish, and then to this species, which eats the algae.

It is a popular fish among recreational fishermen as a target for big game fishing, and the longest recorded overseas is 4.6 metres in the 18th century and 2.4 metres at the end of the 19th century.

[Akira Ochiai and Kunio Amano]

[References] | Big barracuda | Barracuda | Ciguatera
Main species of barracuda (specimen drawing)
©Tomita Hyakushu ">

Main species of barracuda (specimen drawing)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

硬骨魚綱スズキ目カマス科に属する海水魚。沖縄ではチチルカマサー、英語圏ではグレートバラクーダまたはバラクーダという。南日本、東部太平洋を除く太平洋、インド洋、大西洋の熱帯域に分布する。オオカマスに似るが、体側にある多数の横帯は側線の上半部に限られること、背びれと臀(しり)びれの最後の軟条(なんじょう)は伸びないこと、側線有孔鱗(ゆうこうりん)数が少なく75~87枚であることなどで区別できる。口が大きく歯も鋭い。大形で全長2メートル以上にもなる。サンゴ礁域や内湾の浅所に生息する。産卵期には群れをつくるが、通常は単独で遊泳する。獰猛(どうもう)で、ときには人間を襲うことがある。スズキ類、アジ類、フグ類、イサキ類など多種類の魚を食べる。

 また、とくに熱帯地方産のものには肉にシガテラとよばれる毒性があるので、食べると吐き気や運動麻痺(まひ)をおこす中毒症にかかる。そのためドクカマスともよばれている。この毒性は食物連鎖を通じ、藻類から草食魚、さらにこれを食べた本種へと伝わるものである。

 大物釣りの対象魚として遊漁者には人気があり、18世紀には4.6メートル、19世紀末には2.4メートルの外国における最長記録がある。

[落合 明・尼岡邦夫]

[参照項目] | オオカマス | カマス | シガテラ
カマスのおもな種類〔標本画〕
©冨田百秋">

カマスのおもな種類〔標本画〕


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