Landscape

Japanese: 景観 - けいかん

〘noun〙① (translation of "landshaft landscape") In botany and geography, it refers to the image of a landscape as perceived when viewed primarily from the perspective of flora and topography. Natural scenery. ※Japanese Botanical Landscape (1905) by Miyoshi Manabu "I hope to introduce the botanical landscape of our country." ② A view worth appreciating. Also, figuratively, it refers to the situation that can be seen when looking over a certain aspect of society. ※The Genealogy of Personal Novels (1948) by Nakano Yoshio "Unfortunately, there has been an influx of scrap paper novels and rice bran miso novels, and it even presents a landscape as if they were the mainstream of Japanese literature." ※I Can't Forget My Hometown (1968) by Shiba Ryotaro "It has recreated the scenery of Minamihara Castle at that time based on historical materials." [Glossary] (1) A modern Japanese word invented as a translation by Miyoshi Manabu ( 1861-1939 ), a pioneer in plant ecology and plant physiology in Japan. On the other hand, under the influence of German geography, compound words such as "landscape geography," "natural landscape," and "cultural landscape" were born as academic terms in geography in the early Showa period.
(2) After the Second World War, it became established as a term in the fields of architecture and landscape gardening, and has come to be used frequently in everyday language amid growing social interest in landscape conservation, leading to the use described in ②.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① (Landshaft landscape の訳語) 植物学、地理学用語で風景を、主として植物相、地形の観点から眺めた場合の認識像をいう。自然景観。※日本植物景観（1905）〈三好学〉「我邦国の植物景観を紹介せんことを希望す」② 観賞する価値のある眺め。また、比喩的に、社会のある部面を眺め渡したとき見てとれる状況をいう。※私小説の系譜（1948）〈中野好夫〉「遺憾ながら紙屑小説や糠味噌小説の方が氾濫し、あたかも日本文学の主流であるかの如き景観をさえ呈している」※故郷忘じがたく候（1968）〈司馬遼太郎〉「当時の南原城の景観を史料にもとづいて再現してくれた」[語誌](1)日本の植物生態学・植物生理学の先駆者であった三好学（一八六一‐一九三九）が訳語として考案した近代の日本語。他方、ドイツ地理学の影響の下に、昭和初期には地理学の学術用語として、「景観地理学」「自然景観」「文化景観」などの複合語が生まれていった。
(2)第二次世界大戦後は、建築学や造園学などでも術語として定着し、景観保全などに対する社会的関心の高まりを背景として日常語としても多用され、②のような使い方も生じている。

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