Osa - Osa

...Productivist constructivism in Russia was criticized in the 1930s for its tendency to emphasize formalism, and was replaced by socialist realism. Meanwhile, in the field of architecture, where construction activity became active in the late 1920s, the Association of Modern Architects (OSA) (founded in 1925) consisting of the three Vesnin brothers and Moisei Ya. Ginzburg (1892-1946) called itself constructivist and advocated functionalist architecture in line with the modern architecture movement in Western Europe, but this was also replaced by a restorationist classicism in the early 1930s. Constructivism, which was first introduced to Western Europe at the Russian Art Exhibition in Berlin in 1922, was immediately accepted by progressive avant-garde artists, and as a result, constructivism in a broad sense was established, including Moholy-Nagy in Germany, Mondrian and Van Doesburg in the Netherlands (neoplasticism), and Le Corbusier, Ozenfant (purism), and Léger (mechanicalism) in France.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Osa" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…ロシア国内の生産主義的構成主義は，30年ころその形式主義偏重の傾向を批判され，社会主義リアリズムがそれに取って代わる。一方20年代後半に建設活動が活発となった建築の領域では，ベスニンVesnin3兄弟，ギンズブルグMoisei Ya.Ginzburg(1892‐1946)らの〈現代建築家協会(OSA（オサ）)〉(1925結成)が構成主義を名のり，西欧の近代建築運動と歩調をあわせて機能主義建築を主張したが，これも30年代初めには復古的な古典主義に取って代わられた。　1922年ベルリンのロシア美術展において初めて西欧に伝えられた構成主義は，ただちに進歩的な前衛芸術家に受け入れられ，その結果ドイツのモホリ･ナギ，オランダのモンドリアン，ファン･ドゥースブルフ(新造形主義)，フランスのル･コルビュジエ，オザンファン(ピュリスム)，レジェ(機械主義)らを含める広義の構成主義が成立した。…

※「オサ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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